用发展的眼光看中国

　　Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security. We willcontinue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade thestandard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation. We willraise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and ruralareas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without familysupport. We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system andworking to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health systemcovering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve thegoal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service. Wegive priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of theNational Program for Medium- and Long-Term Educational Reform andDevelopment. We are following a more active employment policy with specialemphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs. Weare endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financialcrisis on employment. The aforementioned measures will help us boostdomestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the supportof science and technology and strengthen social security all at the sametime. They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, driveeconomic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating morejobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving thelong-term prospect of the Chinese economy. They will not only benefitChina's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities toother countries, Britain included.

　　这场百年一遇的金融危机，留给世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人们，对现行的经济体制和经济理论，应该进行深刻的反思。

　　This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking. Itreminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existingeconomic systems and theories.      　　

    中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。

　　For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized plannedeconomy and regarded planning as being absolute. This hampered thedevelopment of productivity. The ongoing financial crisis has made itclear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either. A totallylaissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder andunfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll. A crediblemarket-oriented reform should never set the market against governmentmacro-regulation. The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand ofgovernment and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.

　　Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rulesand distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainablemanner.

　　国际金融危机再次告诉人们，不受监管的市场经济是多么可怕。从上世纪90年代以来，一些经济体疏于监管，一些金融机构受利益驱动，利用数十倍的金融杠杆进行超额融资，在获取高额利润的同时，把巨大的风险留给整个世界。这充分说明，不受管理的市场经济是注定行不通的。因此，必须处理好金融创新与金融监管的关系、虚拟经济与实体经济的关系、储蓄与消费的关系。

　　The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous amarket economy without regulation can be. Since the 1990s, someprofit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effectiveregulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.

　　While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.

　　This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannotwork. We must strike a balance between financial innovation andregulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and betweensavings and consumption.

　　有效应对这场危机，还必须高度重视道德的作用。道德是世界上最伟大的，道德的光芒甚至比阳光还要灿烂。真正的经济学理论，决不会同最高的伦理道德准则产生冲突。经济学说应该代表公正和诚信，平等地促进所有人，包括最弱势人群的福祉。被誉为现代经济学之父的亚当?斯密在《道德情操论》中指出：“如果一个社会的经济发展成果不能真正分流到大众手中，那么它在道义上将是不得人心的，而且是有风险的，因为它注定要威胁社会稳定。”道德缺失是导致这次金融危机的一个深层次原因。一些人见利忘义，损害公众利益，丧失了道德底线。我们应该倡导：企业要承担社会责任，企业家身上要流淌着道德的血液。

　　To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role ofmorality. Nothing is greater than morality. It shines even more brightlythan the sun. True economic theories will never come into conflict withthe highest moral and ethical standards. Instead, they should stand forjustice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being ofall people, including the most vulnerable ones. Adam Smith, known as thefather of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of MoralSentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannotbe shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound tojeopardize social stability. The loss of morality is an underlying causefor the current crisis. Some people have sacrificed principle and soughtprofits at the expense of public interests. They have crossed the moralbaseline. We should call on all enterprises to take up their socialresponsibilities. Within the body of every businessman should flow theblood of morality.      　　

    女士们，先生们！　　Ladies and Gentlemen,

    英国是我这次欧洲之行的最后一站。这次访问，加深了我对欧洲的了解。中欧合作已经站在一个新的历史起点上。我对中欧发展全面战略伙伴关系更加充满信心。我们之间不存在历史遗留问题，也不存在根本利害冲突。中欧合作基础坚实，前景光明。英国是最早进入现代化的国家，你们在发展经济、保护环境等方面，都有许多成功的经验。我们愿意向你们学习，加强交流与合作。

　　Britain is the last leg of my European trip. I have gained a deeperunderstanding of Europe through this visit. China-EU cooperation is nowstanding at a new historical starting point and I am all the moreconfident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership. Thereare no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict offundamental interests between the two sides. What we have is a solidfoundation and a bright future for cooperation. As the firstindustrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience ineconomic development and environmental protection. We hope to learn fromyour experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.

　　未来属于青年一代。中英关系的美好前景要靠青年去开拓。抚今追昔，我想起对中英文化交流作出重要贡献的剑桥校友李约瑟博士。他的鸿篇巨着《中国科学技术史》，在东西方两大文明之间架起了一座桥梁。继承传统、勇于创新，是剑桥大学的优秀品格。希望更多的剑桥人关注中国，用发展的眼光看中国，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英两国青年相互学习，携手共进，一定会谱写出中英关系的崭新篇章。