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由2010年高考英语谈阅读理解主旨大意题

来源：《英语周报》
发布时间：2011-04-13 10:37:00
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　　请看下列例文

　　Sample 1

　　Boston--Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美国联邦调查局) and the museum officials said.

　　The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan

　　...

　　William Bobinson , of Hardvard Univercity’s Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”

　　What is the best headline for this newspaper article?

　　A. A Theft Took Place in Boston

　　B. Artworks Stolen by Thieves

　　C. Major Works

　　D. Investigation into the Theft 【答案】B 【点拨】

　　Sample 1的主题句在文首（见划线部分）。文章的结构为先点出主题，然后围绕主题做具体的陈述。在议论文、说明文、科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种形式。

　　Sample 2

　　If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: “Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is “just right for you.” It costs $359. This sales tactic is called “bait and switch.” Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise （商品）and the reasons for the sale.

　　What’s the purpose of this article?

　　A. The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale.

　　B. Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly.

　　C. Many stores use the “bait and switch” technique to attract customers.

　　D. Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale. 【答案】A 【点拨】

　　Sample 2的主题句在文尾(见划线部分)。作者首先摆出事实依据，经过层层推理，最后得出结论，即文章的主题。

　　Sample 3

　　The government of India encourages married men and women to be sterilized so they cannot have more children. In China, families can be punished for having more than one child. Both of these countries have very large populations, and if the number of people continues to increase, there will not be enough food, houses, or jobs for the people. As a result, India, China, and other populous countries are following a family-planning policy--they want families to limit the number of children they will have. Teachers, doctors, and social workers are explaining to the people why they should have fewer children by using birth control methods.

　　Which statement best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?

　　A. Some populous countries are following a family-planning policy.

　　B. India and China have very large populations.

　　C. The government of India encourages sterilization.

　　D. In china, families can be punished for having more than one child. 【答案】A 【点拨】

　　Sample 3的主题句在文章的中间部分（见划线部分）。此种文章结构通常是先提出问题，然后给予回答（主题句）或是点出主题思想（主题句），最后给予解释或阐述。

　　Sample 4

　　In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “Lexico”to “Alph”and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial (商业性的) success.

　　The text is mainly about ___.

　　A. Lexico B. Three men

　　C. A word game D. Alfred Butts 【答案】C 【点拨】

　　Sample 4中无明显的主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，须从文中归纳要点，抓住文章大意，特别应注意文中多次出现的高频词或主题词。

　　另外，在解答主旨大意题时还应遵循“精、忠、全”的原则院“精”是指用精

　　炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想；“忠”是指必须忠实于原文，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；“全”是指要排除掉那些片面表达文章大意的选项，而选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的选项。

　　【链接高考】

　　下面结合2010 年高考英语试题，分类例析主旨大意题的解题方法和技巧。

　　1. 主题句在文首

　　（2010 辽宁卷，C 篇）

　　Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.

　　One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders.Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.

　　A second study, looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don’t ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters（年轻人）may watch lots of TV.

　　Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages 5and 15. These with college degrees had watch an average of less than two hours of TV per week compared with anniagvhetradguerionfgmcohrieldthhoaond,2 12 hours for those who had no education beyond high school.

　　In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.

　　While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms.

　　67. What would be the best title for this text?

　　A. Computers or Television

　　B. Effects of Television on Children

　　C. Studies on TV and College Education

　　D. Television and Children’s Learning Habits 【答案】B 【点拨】

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