由2010年高考英语谈阅读理解主旨大意题
来源：《英语周报》
发布时间：2011-04-13 10:37:00
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内容提要：通过研究2010年各省市高考英语试题，笔者发现阅读理解部分的考查题型集中表现为对主旨大意、推理判断、细节理解、词义猜测等题型的考查，下面笔者专门就解题技巧性较强的主旨大意题型做一分析与归纳。
2. 主题句在文尾
（2010 重庆卷，E 篇）
Humans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole and even whole societies beyond our everyday lives.
This sense of wonder is universal. Look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars, and the popularity of fantasy (幻想) literature or movies like The Lord of the Rings. This sense of wonder draws us to each other, to the world around us, and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone so far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already exist all around us?
Human beings, as biologists have suggested, possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms. However, people, especially in big cities, often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British schoolchildren, it was found that children by age eight were much more familiar with characters from television shows and video games than with common wildlife. Without modem technology, a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects, birds, and animals. When we lack meaningful inter-action (交互) with the world around us, and sometimes even with our families and friends, we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen.
The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad. But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet(出路) for our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something. We are missing a connection with the living world. Other wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own.
75. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To show us the hidden beauty in our world.
B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy world.
C. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonder.
D. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe.
【答案】B 【点拨】
目的类主旨大意题。主题句在文章最后一段（见划线部分）。本文讲述人类对于外部世界和外来生命的探索（如火星上的生命存在问题）已经远远超出了其行为的本身。作者写这篇文章的目的就是要提醒人类不要沉迷在幻想的世界之中。
3. 主题句贯穿全文
（2010 福建卷，B 篇）
Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed, for many of the poorest regions(地区) of the world, it remains the next big thing--finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.
Across the developing world, around 45%of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60% . That is some way behind the U.S., where are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）, which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013--pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.
Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant(有意义的) improvement in their reading skills.
Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.
62. The author intends to ___.
A. stress the advantages of TV to people’s lives
B. persuade women to become more independent
D. introduce the readers some websites such as Google
C. encourage people to improve their reading skills
【答案】A 【点拨】
目的类主旨大意题。全文叙述了作者对于电视的看法，意欲强调电视在世界范围内对人们的生活起着积极的作用。
63. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. TV Will Rule the World
B. TV Will Disturb the World
C. TV Will Better the World
D. TV Will Remain in World
【答案】C 【点拨】
标题类主旨大意题。由文章第一段第二句“Television is still the most influential medium around.”及第三段第一句“Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women.”及文章最后一段第二句“However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.”可知，本文主要讲的是电视将会让人们的生活越来越好。C 选项涵盖了文章的中心内容，恰如其分地表达了文章的主旨大意。由此可知应选C项。rule 统治，disturb 妨碍，含贬义，remain 仍然是，仍存在，均体现不出电视对人类社会的积极影响，与主题不符。