2013年高考英语做题方法：阅读理解（满分必看）

【典例4】Wouldn’t it be terrible, if we didn’t havegrass? We would have to walk on bare soil. Can you guess what our playgroundswould look like? On a raining day we would get all muddy. On a dry day we wouldbreathe clouds of dust.

Q :The story mainly tells ___.

   A. why we need rain

   B. hoa grass is kept green

   C. how grass helps us

   D. without grass we would have to walk onbare soil

【分析】C。考查主旨判断。本段文字没有明显的主题句，而是从不同角度介绍了如果没有草，人类的生活就会受到影响，所以，我们完全可以从段落中得出结论，草对我们很有用， 故C项是最佳答案。

【点拨】善用寻读法，找准主题句。

【题型解密】归纳要点抓大意。主题隐含在文章中。文章或段落中没有明显的主题句，考生必须根据文中内容，进行综合分析，找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。这种类型的文章通常是叙述一件事的发展过程或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。

【典例5】An Australian wildlife park attendant survived acrocodile attack after her father jumped on the huge crocodile’s back and dugout its eyes as the horrified tourists looked on.

KarlaBrede, 21, was in a fairly good condition in good care in hospital with abroken bone, a broken leg and some injuries after the attack.

The4.5-metre crocodile caught Karla Bredle around the leg and then the waist whenshe fell during a crocodile feeling show for tourists.

Karla’sfather seized a long-handled tool and beat the crocodile on the head to force itto let go of her, but the tool was doing nothing. So he jumped on its back andstuck his fingers in its eyes and the crocodile let go of her.

Q :The best title of the passage is ___.

   A. The Hateful Crocodile

   B. Father Saved Daughter’s Life

   C. A Terrible Accident

   D. The Dangerous Place

【分析】B。考查主旨判断。通过全文可知，Karla Bredle被鳄鱼攻击，她的父亲不顾一切跳到鳄鱼背上，用手抠出鳄鱼的眼珠，救出了她。所以，由比较而得，只有B项最贴近主题。

【点拨】浓缩主题，选择标题。

【题型解密】标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题，是文章中心思想最精炼的表达，可以帮助考生快速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心。标题的特点是短小精悍，多为短语；概括性强，一般要求能覆盖全文大意，表述精确，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。选择文章标题时应注意以下几点：

1. 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑选项与文章主题是否有密切的关系。

2. 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何，看题目是过大还是过小。

3. 要避免下列三种错误： ①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致不能全面概括文章大意）。②过度概括（多表现为标题概括内容超出了文章大意）。③以事实或细节代替抽象或具体的大意。

   要正确地选择标题还需要了解标题的写作格式。一般来说，标题的写作方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词但一定的语法规则浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。例：某一文章的中心局为：Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different waysaround the world.此句的话题为“Coffee”,控制性概念为“is a universal beverage that is served in different ways aroundthe world”因此，标题为：Coffee Around the World。

【典例6】“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt itlifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush ofenergy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group atthe University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” hesaid.

Q :The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ___.

   A. show the importance of waves

   B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic

   C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance

   D. invite the readers to answer them

【分析】B。考查主旨判断。作者在开头提出问题让读者思考或是简单介绍与主题有关的其它事物，目的往往是为了引出主题，故答案选B。

【点拨】依据主题，辨清写作目的。

【题型解密】每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递一个信息，或是娱乐读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不比明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中，因此这类试题要求考生在理解文章总体内容地基础上领会作者的意图。写作目的通常有三种：1.娱乐读者。2.说服读者接受某种观点。3.告知读者某些信息。

【典例7】 We think of a flood or an earthquake as anatural disaster. To many of nature’s animals, however, the greatest disasteris the coming of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to America’s greatwestern plains, they killed millions of bison, poisoned the prairie dogs andshot the coyotes. All this upset the area’s balance of nature. For the animals,it was worse than a flood or an earthquake.

Q :Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

   A. Natural Balance Itself

   B. Floods and Earthquakes

   C. American Settlers

   D. Humans --- a Disaster to Nature

【分析】D。考查主旨判断。根据文中的首句，我们很容易认为A或B是准确的。但是。 文章真正的主题句是出现在however之后，即“the greatest disaster is the coming oflarge numbers of humans”。文章通过将人类的迁徙行为产生的后果与自然灾害相比，推断出人类才是真正破坏自然界的最大灾难。A，B和C项是反衬着个主题的细节信息，不能全面反映这篇文章的主题。

【点拨】掌握选项特点，选取最佳选项。

【题型解密】在做阅读理解题时，可利用排除法解题：首先排除最不可能的选项，再凭借对材料的理解来对剩余的选项进行筛选。这就需要我们了解准确选项和干扰选项的特点。

1. 正确选项的特点。

四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案。那些概括全文，内容全面，含意深刻，说明道理的选项通常是正确答案。

2. 错误选项的特点。

（1）以偏赅全，只是局部信息，或是一句没有展开论述的话。

（2）概括范围太宽，文章内容过于一般化，包含的内容超出或少于文章阐述的内容。

（3）无关信息，即在文章中找不到依据的信息。