2013年高考英语做题方法：阅读理解（满分必看）

【题型2】细节题：理解了具体的事实和细节后，有助于更好的明确主题。

【典例1】When I was achild, I often dreamed the time when I could leave home and escape to the city.We lived on a farm, in the winter especially, we were quite cut off from theoutside world. As soon as I left school, I packed my bags and moved to thecapital. However, I soon discovered that city life has its problems too.

Is life betterthen, in the city? Perhaps it is, when you are in your teens or twenties.However, as you get older, and especially if you have small children, the peaceof the countryside may seem preferable. I certainly hope to move back theresoon.

1. Whatwas the writer always thinking about when he was a child?

 A. Staying on thefarm                       B. Moving tothe countryside

 C. Leaving homefor the city                  D. Runningaway from the school

2. Which of thefollowing is true about the writer?

  A. He is very old now.           B. He is in good condition.

  C. He prefers driving a car.       D. He lives in the city now.

【分析】1. C。 考查细节。根据文中第一段中第一句话I often dreamedthe time when I could leave home and escape to the city可知，作者小时候经常梦想将来离开家乡去城市。题干中的thinkabout与这句话中的dreamof具有相似的意义。

2. D。考查细节。根据文中第后一段中的最后一句话I certainly hope to move back there soon可知，句中there则指上句中的the countryside。而其它三项均与该题无关联。

【点拨】语义转换，断章取义找细节。

【题型解密】断章取义找细节。在高考题中，细节理解测试题已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对英语语言的理解能力。解答这类题可用“断章取义法”，即带着问题有针对性地扫读短文，锁定相关词句，然后寻找相关的同义或反义表述。

【典例2】El Nino is thought to occur due to changes inthe normal patterns of trade wind circulation. Normally, these winds movewestward, carrying warm surface water to Indonesiaand Australiaand allowing cooler water to rise along the South American coast. For reasonsnot yet fully understood, these trade winds can sometimes be reduced, or evenreversed. This moves warmer water toward the coast of South America and raises water temperatures. Water causes heat to risefrom the ocean off Ecuadorand Peru,resulting in more storms and heavy rain full over these normally dry countries.

Q:According to the text, which of the following pictures shows the right El Nino?

  Warm water            Warm water           Warm water             Cold water

Cold water              Cold water            Cold water               Warm water

 120o E    80oW      120o E    80oW           120o E   80oW       120o E    80oW

  A                        B                       C                      D 

【分析】B。 考查细节。这是一道典型的图文转换题。根据图中空气的运动方向和海水的流动方向（自西向东）可判断出B项为正确答案。

【点拨】图文转换，按文索图找细节。

【题型解密】按文索图找细节。图文转换类的题，即根据短文描写确定相应图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字答案。此类题刻采用“文字锁定法”解题，即找出描绘图形的句段，按“文”索“图”，这样，便可迅速地锁定对应图形。

【典例3】After the summer Olympics are over, when all theathletes and viewers have gone home and the television audience has switchedoff, another group of athletes and fans will arrive at the host city, andanother competition will begin. These are the Paralympics, the games forathletes with a disability. But in Beijing,for the first time, one of the greatest parlaympians will not be taking part.

She is aBritish athlete by the name of Tanni Grey-Thompson. Born with spina bifida(脊椎裂) which lefther paralysed from the waist down, Tanni used a wheelchair from the age of 7.At first, she was not keen on sport, apart from horse-riding, which gave her asense of freedom. But in her teens, she started taking sports more seriously.She tried swimming, basketball and tennis. Eventually she found athletics, andnever looked back.

Indeed, Tanni’sathletic career took off. In 1984, when she was 15, she pulled off a surprisevictory in the 100 metres at the Junior National Wheelchair Games. In 1988,Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres. Evengreater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics. Tanni won gold inthe 100,200,400 and 800 metres relay, setting two worls records in the process.In the same year she achieved the first of her six London Wheelchair Marathonvictories.

    Tanni retired finally after the VisaParalympic World Cup in 2007. Her wish is to coach young athgletes for Beijing2008 Olympic Games. 

Q :What’s the right order of the events related to Tanni?

a.She works as a coach.

b.She took up athletics.

c.She won four medals in Barcelona.

d.She competed in her first Paralympic Games.

e.She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon.

A. b,d,c,e,a      B. a,d,b,c,e      C.a,d,c,e,b       D. b,d,a,e,c

【分析】A  考查细节。根据第一段和第二段可知，“b. She took up athletics”应排在第一位，根据第三段可知，“a. She works as a coach.”应排在最后一位，然后再根据第三段内容便知“d. She competedin her first Paralympic Games.”应排在第二位，这样就把答案找出来了。

【点拨】先后排序，首尾定位找细节。

【题型解密】首尾定位找细节。这种题型要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，确定事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。

【典例4】Rrion Books, which decided there is a market increating cut-down classics, is slimming down some novels by such great writersas L. Tolstry, M. Mitchell and C. Bronte. Now, each of them has been whittleddown to about 400pages by cutting 30 to 40 per cent of the original, withwords, sentences, paragraphs and, in a few cases, chapters removed. The firstsix shortened editions, all priced at 6.99 and advertised as great reads “inhalf the time”, will go on sale next month, with plans for 50 to 100 more tofollow. The publishing house believes that modern readers will welcome theshorter versions.

Q :According to the message, Orion Books _____.

   A. opposes the reading of originalclassics            B. is embarrassed forcutting down classics

   C. thinks cut-down classics have a brightfuture        D. is cautious in itsdecision to cut down classics

【分析】C。  考查细节。根据第一句there is a market in creating cut-downclassics确定，C项正确。

【点拨】寻找信息点，题干定位找细节。

【题型解密】题干定位找细节。快速寻找信息点一般为功能型阅读题，主要形式有广告，公告，演出信息，航班时间表等。做这类题时，没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”解题。