2013年高考英语做题方法：阅读理解（满分必看）

【典例3】 We walked in so quietly that the nurse at thedesk didn’t even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by thedoor and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched, mouth open insurprise, mum took off her hat and coal and gave them to me to hold. She walkedquietly to the small room by the lift and took out a mop. She pushed the moppast the desk and as the nurse looked up, mum nodded and said,” Very dirtyfloors.”

“Yes, I am gladthey’ve finally decided to clean them.”The nurse answered. She looked at mumstrangely and said,” But aren’t you working late?”

Mum just pushedharder, each wipe of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. Iwaited until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing inthe big book.

After a longtime mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back andtook my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, mum bowed politely to thenurse and said ,”Thank you.”

Outside, mumtold me, “Dagmar is fine. No fever.”

“You saw her,mum?”

“Of course. Itold her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow.Dad will stop worrying as well. It’s a fine hospital. But such floors. A mop isno good. You need a brush. ”

1.Whenthe nurse talked to mum, she thought mum was a ___.

 A. nurse        B. visitor        C. patient       D. cleaner

2. After readingthe story what can we infer about the hospital?

  A. It is children’s.                         B. It has strict rulesabout visiting hours.

  C. The conditions here aren’t very good.       D. The nurse and doctor there don’t workhard.

3.From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _____.

  A. the story-teller’s sister         B. mum’s friend

  C. the story-teller’s classmate     D. Dad’s boss

【分析】1. D。 考查推理判断。根据短文中护士的话“But aren’t you working late”可知，她把妈妈当成了清洁工，由此判断，D项正确。

2. B。考查归纳推理。可用典型事例归纳法解题。分析全文：探视病人的时间已经过去，值班必备个人不再接待病人家属，也不会再让任何探视者入内妈妈大概知道医院规定严，无法通融，才会想出冒充清洁工入内这一主意。然后，比较分析几个选项不难发现，除了B项以外，其他几个选项都缺乏论据支持，由此判断，B项正确。

3. A。考查推理判断。将住院者Dagmar可能的四种身份加以分析和比较，能使叙述者即叙述者的母亲非常挂念，想方设法进去探视的人应该跟他们关系非常密切，由此判断，A项正确。

【点拨】巧妙利用演绎推理与归纳推理。

【题型解密】巧妙利用演绎推理与归纳推理。人类认识是一个有特殊到一般又由一般到特殊的无限反复的发展过程。根据人类认识的这一特点，逻辑学上一般把推理分为两大类：从特殊性的前提概括出一般性结论的推理就做归纳推理；从一般性前提到特殊性的结论的推理就叫演绎推理，在做阅读理解题时，主要用演绎推理，有时也用归纳推理。

【典例4】Do you know of anyone who uses the truth todeceive? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves outimportant information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.

For example,some might say,” I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. Itook that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundreddollars!”

This guy was awinner, right ? Maybe not. We then did cover that he bought 200 worth oftickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!

He didn’t sayanything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose.That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they arejust as did honest.

Q:We may infer that the author believes people should _____.

  A. buy lottery tickets               B. make use of half-truths

  C. not take anything at face value     D. not trust the Yucky Company

【分析】C。 考查推理判断。根据短文中 “He didn’t say anything that was false, but heleft out important information on purpose.”中的left out和on purpose所带有的感情色彩可知，作者认为人们虽然有时没有撒谎，可是却故意漏掉重要的信息，所以，我们看问题时，不应只看表面现象。由此判断，C项正确。

【点拨】利用词汇感情色彩，推断作者情感态度。

【题型解密】利用词汇感情色彩，推断作者情感态度。每一篇文章都包含有作者的某种观点或态度，只不过有的是直截了当，有的含而不露，只有通过所用词汇的褒贬来体现。此类题可细分为作者态度题（表明作者的好恶）和作者观点题（表明作者对某事物的观点）。准确把握作者的情感和态度需要注意以下几点：

1. 作者对某一事物要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。

2. “漠不关心类”词语一定不对，既然写文章就不会“不关心”。

3. 要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。

4. 作者观点一般与文中主旨相关联。

5. 当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者所使用的词语的褒贬性进行判断。

6. 一般情况下，带有表示绝对化或过于强烈感情的词的选项必错。如strong,complete, entire, enthusiastic等。

7. 持有保留态度的选项常常是正确答案。