2013年高考英语做题方法：阅读理解（满分必看）

● 高考聚焦题型

【题型1】主旨题：通过分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开头的主题或文章最后的结论从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。

【典例1】Somesupermarkets have a special way of getting people to come to the bakerycounters.Sometimes they spray a “cake smaell”into the air.At other times theyspray the fresh of baking bread.These smells are enough to make people’s mouthswater. The customers then race madly to the counter to buy cakes,bread,rollsand other baked good!

Q: The main ideaof the paragraph is ___.

 A. what cakessmell like                      B. why bakeriesmake money

 C. how people areattracted to bakery counters    D. what bakery counters in supermarkets sell

【分析】C。考查主旨判断。本文首句交代“有些超市用一些特殊的方法让顾客来面包柜买面包”，下文便是这种方法的具体介绍。选项A指蛋糕的味道，是具体信息；B项文章为提到；D项是说所卖的东西而不是所卖的方法；C项指所卖的方法，由此判断，C项正确。

【点拨】善用寻读法，找准主题句。

【题型解密】读首句抓大意。主题句可能出现在文章的开头。这些文章开门见山提出主题，随之用细节来解释或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。在说明文，议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种方式。

【典例2】At this timethe state of South Carolina was having hard times. Year after year the soil hadbeen planted with the same crop. It was farmed by uneducated and carelessslaves, and the planters knew little about soil conservation. Because the soilwas beginning to wear out, crops were smaller. The younger people were notsatisfied to raise cotton on the poor soil of the old South. Many of them movedwestwards and started cotton plantations in Alabamaand Mississippi.What was more, so much cotton had been shipped to the factories in England and New Zealand that they had as muchcotton as they could use. This brought the price of cotton down. More and moreslaves were needed to work on the new and large plantations, and higher andhigher prices were demanded for them. Planters found their expenses rising andtheir incomes from the sale of cotton reduced. Hard times had come to southern Carolina.

1. The subject ofthis passage is ___.

A.economic difficulties of South Carolina      B. that the planters knew nothing aboutfarming

C. thatthe soil in southern Carlina was not good  D. the causes of hard times in South Carolina

2. Which of thefollowing sentences can summarize the main idea of the passage?

  A. Hard times had come to South Carolina.

  B. Planters found their expenses rising andtheir incomes from the sale of cotton reduced.

  C. The soil was farmed by uneducated andcareless slaves.

  D. More and more slaves were needed to workon the new and large plantation.

【分析】1. A  2. A。考查主旨判断。文章的首句指出“目前，南卡罗来纳面临着艰难状况”，下文便是艰难状况的原因，最后得出结论，用一句话对全文进行概括。所以第1题的最佳答案是A项；B项和C项都是后文的细节原因。D项指涉及原因并没有涉及现状，故不能选。第2题的最佳答案是A项。B，C和D项都是原因中的详细信息。

【点拨】善用寻读法，找准主题句。

【题型解密】读句尾抓大意。主题句可能出现在文章的段尾。这些文章通常先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，在表述细节后归纳要点，最后自然的得出结论，即段落的主题。

【典例3】When you throw a ball up into the air as fast asyou can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, andthen it comes down .When a bullet is shot straight up, it will reavel muchfaster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come  down. Whatevergoes up must come down. We have always thought this to be true. An airplanemay climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long. Yet itdoes not stay up forever. Finally, like everything else, the plane must comedown.

Q :Which of the following statements can best summarize the main idea of thepassage?

   A. A ball falls down like a bullet.

   B. Anything that goes up must fall down.

   C. A plane travels in the same way as abullet.

   D. Everything has weight.

【分析】B。考查主旨判断。本段文字完全按照“引题—主题思想—解释或继续论证”的顺序来写。文中的黑体部分是主题句，主题句之前举了两个例子，之后是对主题句的补充解释。A项和C项只是介绍了其中的细节情形，D项隐含意义很强，但很明显不是本文的主题。

【点拨】善用寻读法，找准主题句。

【题型解密】从段落中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句位于文章或段落的中间部分。此类文章往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例陈述细节或继续论证，即引题—主义思想—解释或继续论证。