2013年高考英语做题方法：阅读理解（满分必看）

【题型3】推理判断题：推理判断题是阅读理解题中难度较大，题量也较大的一类题型。其与其它题型相比，这类题的答案通常不能从原文中直接找到，而要经过分析，推理，判断才能获得。其往往要求考生能过通过表面的文字叙述“读出”隐藏在字里行间的深层含义。

但提问句中常含suggest, imply, infer, appear,conclude等词。

【典例1】The idea offighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but that’s exactly whatmotor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.

Carmarkers’  research and developmentlaboratories have already proved that mixing in more noise with the help ofloud speakers can reduce the unwanted noise.

Physicists’have known about the technique for a long time. Sound is made up of pressurewaves in the air. If two sound waves of the same frequency mix so that thehighest point of one wave happens at the same time with the lowest point of onewave, the result is no sound, therefore, by producing a perfect copy of thenoise and delaying it by half a wave cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise.Using this technique many carmakers are racing to develop noise-killing systemsboth inside and outside the cars.

Anothergood thing about the noise-killing system is that it saves the need for asilencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motorburn less oil and work better.

Someengineers believe that the noise-killing system will be used in most cars in2009, but the carmakers haven’t  decidedif they will put it into production because it would add several hundreddollars to the cost of their cars. 

1.Whichof the following gives a general idea of how the noise-killing system works?

 A. By producingpressure waves going in the opposite direction.                      

B. By mixinghigh frequency sound waves with low frequency sound waves.

 C. By makingcopies of the unwanted sound waves and letting them out a little late.                

 D. By mixing new sound waves with the noiseand sending them out together.

2. Besides its mainfunction, the noise-killing system can ____?

  A. make a car lighter            B. make a car quieter

  C. reduce the cost of a silencer    D. improve the performance of a silencer

【分析】1. C。 考查推理判断。这篇文章谈的是消除噪音的方法，有一定的难度。根据四个选项分析短文中相应的内容可知，文章没有谈到消音时声波的方向问题，故可排除A项；文中明确提到这种原理的基本点是频率相同的声波，故也可以排除B项；文中确实谈到“mixing in more noise with the help of loudspeakers can reduce the unwanted noise”，但没有谈两者噪音混合后再同时放出来，所以D项也不对；最后看一下C项，它的意思是：复制待消除的噪音然后将其比原噪音稍晚一点放出。再根据文章第三段“by producing a perfect copy of the noiseand delaying it by half a wave cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise.”可知，C项是正确答案。

2. A。考查推理判断。第四段中的“reduces the weight of a car, but also makesthe motor burn less oil and work better”分析判断，A项正确。

【点拨】善用定性分析，巧断事物属性。

【题型解密】善用定性分析，巧断事物属性来进行推理判断。在高考题中，定性分析作为一种判断性分析，这是由语言的描述性功能所决定的。所谓定性分析就是针对某一特定内容作出判断分析，用最能说明这一特定内容本质特点的词语加以表达，而这些词语又不能是短文中的原话。

【典例2】 Do you always understand the directions on abottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed”? Readthe following directions and see if you understand them.

“To reducepain, take two tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, asrequired. For night time and early morning relief  take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take morethan six tablets in twenty-four hours.

For childrensix to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six yearsold, ask your doctor’s advice.

Reduce theamount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking themedicine”

1.Howmany tablets at most can a person over 12 have in 24 hours?

 A. Three         B. Four        C. Six       D. Eight

2. How manytablets should a nine-year-old child normally take in 24 hours?

  A. Half a tablet                B. One tablet

  C. Two tablets                 D. Four tablets

【分析】1. C。 考查推理判断。第二段是针对成人的药物用量，由此推断：6片时24小时内所能服用的最大剂量，故答案选C项。

2. C。考查推理判断。成人首量为2片，随后每8小时服1片，即正常情况（24小时内）成人服4 片；6-12岁儿童服用此药时，剂量应减半。至于为缓解疼痛成人所服的2片，并非属于正常范围。

【点拨】擅用定量分析，解答数量计算。

【题型解密】擅用定量分析，解答数量计算来进行推理判断。在高考阅读题中，考生经常遇到数量问题就需要定量分析法了。定量分析在科学测量和实验中得到了广泛的应用，但在阅读理解题中主要用于科技短文等说明文的阅读。