运用复现策略巧解阅读理解细节题

当时高考使用的是广东卷。记得当时一直在讲运用重现策略解答完形填空题，碰巧那一年的高考题阅读理解题不少题目适合这种方法，于是我就整理形成了文章，最终发表在《广东 教育 高中》。

说明一下；

记得我当初写的是“重现”，而且百度找到的一些文章也是用这个。最终发表时使用的是“复现”。

其实十年前的文章了，现在是否已经过时，仁者见仁吧。

虽然没有整理全国卷，但我相信也是适用的，有兴趣的可以自己总结一下。

另外，也感谢那位录微课的老师，使得这个解题方法能够更直观地学习。

原文是这样的：

运用重现策略巧解阅读理解细节题

细节理解题是阅读理解题中必考的一种题型，其解题依据主要在阅读材料中找。笔者发现，这种题型可以用“复现”的方法来解答。

所谓“复现”，就是指某一个单词或短语的同义、反义、上下义、同根词或原词在文中重复出现的现象。这种方法常用于解答完形填空，但用来解答阅读理解细节题也同样管用。

细节理解题的复现指的是：正确答案选项语句中的单词或短语与阅读材料中的单词或短语构成一种重复出现的关系。它同样可以分为：同义、反义、上下义、同根词或原词。

运用复现策略解题首先要定位与问题相关的句子，然后观察及分析该句子前后的句子是否满足复现的情况。

现以2011广东高考阅读理解题为例，说明如何使用该方法来解题。特别说明，为节省编幅，阅读材料只选取定位到的与本小题相关的句子，题号按原题号不变。

一、上下义复现

上义语句所指的内容是概括性的，下义的内容是分述具体的。

【例1】 I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

26. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ______.

   A. they offer their help    

   B. they receive others’ help

   C. they feel others’ kindness

   D. they show their weakness

解析：阅读材料 “people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat” 是下义，选项A “they offer their help”是上义，故选A。

【例2】 Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.

43. To fully develop the low-carbon markets, government can ______.

   A. cut public expenses  

   B. forbid carbon emission

   C. develop public resources

   D. encourage energy conservation

解析：阅读材料中的“first…besides…finally”所叙述的内容为下义，选项D “energy conservation(节能)”为上义，故选D。

二、原词复现

也就是同一单词或短语在选项中和阅读材料中同时出现。

【例3】From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others.

27. The author feels sad sometimes because ______.

   A. he has a soft heart  

   B. he relies much on others

   C. some people pretend to be kind

   D. some people fail to see the kindness in others

解析：选项D与文中都有kindness 和 others，是原词复现，故选D。

【例4】 When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.

28. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?

A. They speed up to pass.  

   B. They waited with patience.

   C. They tried their best to help.

   D. They put on their flashlights too.

解析：选项B与文中都有waited，是原词复现，故选B。

【例5】I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.

38. Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ______.

   A. write down their suggestions on the paper cards  

   B. cut maple leaves out of the construction paper

   C. cut some cards out of the construction paper

   D. write down their names on the paper cards

解析：选项D与文中都有wrote down their names，属原词复现，故选D。

【例6】The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

44. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ______.

   A. develop sustainable products 

   B. explore new natural resources

   C. make full use of natural resources

   D. deal with the major challenge

解析：选面A与文中都有sustainable product，属原词复现，故选A。

三、反义复现

选项中使用与阅读材料中的单词或短语意义相反的单词或短语，来表达相同的意思。

【例7】What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other’s body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.

34. It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs ______.

   A. have common interests   

   B. are less different than was thought

   C. have a common body language

   D. are less intelligent than was expected

解析：选项B用more in common (有更多相同之处)来表达文中的less different (较少不同之处)，属反义复现，故选B。

四、同根复现

同根词指的是在同一语种中词根相同、意义相似的词。

【例8】 But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy.

37. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2?

   A. He would be aggressive in his first class.  

   B. He was well-prepared for his first class.

   C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.

   D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.

解析：选项C中的nerves 与文中的nervous 是同根词，构成同根复现，故选C。

【例9】 A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.

39. What did the students do when the author started his class?

   A. They began to talk.  

   B. They stayed silent.  

   C. They raised their hands.

   D. They shouted to be heard.  

解析：选项B中的silence与文中的silent是同根词，构成同根复现，故选B。

40. The author chose the composition topic probably because ______.

   A. he got disappointed with his first class  

   B. he had prepared the topic before class

   C. he wanted to calm down the students

   D. he thought it was an easy topic

解析：选项A中的disappointment 与文中的disappointed是同根词，构成同根复现，故选A。

活学活用

阅读下列节选材料，然后给每小题选出最佳答案，并指出所属复现类别。

【练1】 During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. （2010·全国卷I·C）

Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?

 A．To find more food.        

 B．To protect themselves better.

C．To keep themselves warm.    

 D．To produce their young.

【练2】Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. （2010·广东卷·C）

We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning _________.       

      A. are always accompanied by a fever    

      B. are too common to be noted

      C. can be noticed within hours         

      D. can be ignored

【练3】We cautiously began a conversion and spoke about a wide range of things.

 We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked,

“My I get you something ?”

“A coffee would be nice.”  (2010·重庆卷·A )

The author bought coffee for the old man because     

A. he thought the old man was poor   

B. he wanted to start a conversation

C. he intended to show his politeness

D. he would like to thank the old man

【练4】Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction (文学作品). As a law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter—the volume (量) of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn’t necessarily be able to have in my lifetime. （2010·四川卷·A）

What effect does reading have on the author?

A. It helps him to realize his dream.         

B. It opens up a wider world for him.

C. It makes his college life more interesting.  

D. It increases his interest in worldwide travel.

【练5】 It seems people feel more relaxed around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don't judge. （2010·全国卷I·D）

According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?

    A. They have lower blood pressure.   

    B. They become more patient.

    C. They are less nervous.           

    D. They are in higher spirits.

答案及解析

1.D 同根复现。选项D中的producing与文中的produce 为同根词。

2.C 原词复现。选项C和文中都有within hours。

3.A 同义复现 have no money 与poor 同义

4.B 上下义复现。选项中open up a wider world为上义，文中的各个具体内容，如 made it all the clearer… ; reminds me that …等为下义。

5.C 反义复现。选项中的more relaxed与文中的less nervous 为反义复现。

有人说，得阅读者得天下。从2011年广东高考细节理解题所占的比例还看，如果能够熟练掌握这种“复现”解题法，对于提高英语阅读成绩是很有帮助的。此外，这种方法也可以运用于解答信息匹配题。