1.概说
非限定动词指不能单独充当谓语的动词形式。它不受主语的人称和数的限制。在句中可以用作其他句子成分。非限定动词有3种,即不定式、动名词和分词(过去分词,现在分词)。
【活学活用】
He refuses ______ .(不定式to do the work作宾语)
他不肯做这项工作。(to do the work)
______ seems to be your main hobby.
擦洗汽车似乎成了你的主要爱好。(动名词Washing the car作主语)(Washing the car)
I love the sight of ______ water.我喜欢看流水。(现在分词running作定语)(running)
Don’t get ______ .别激动。(过去分词excited作表语)(excited)
非限定动词有具有双重性和具有逻辑主语两大特点。
(1)非限定动词的双重性(即动词性与非动词性)
非限定动词的动词性表现为:①有时式和语态的变化;②可被状语所修饰;③及物动词须有宾语。
【活学活用】
You’ve no need ______ .
你没有必要害怕。(to be fearing是不定式的进行式)(to be fearing)
I denied ______ .
我否认拿走了它。(having taken是动名词的完成式)(having taken it)
______ , I couldn’t very well leave.既然要我留下,我就不好走了。(having been asked to stay是现在分词被动语态的完成式)(Having been asked to stay)
I’m tired of being treated ______ .
我厌倦了被人当作小孩子看待。(状语like a child修饰动名词being treated)(like a child)
I can’t afford to buy ______ .我买不起汽车。(a car是及物动词to buy的宾语)(a car)
(2)非限定动词具有逻辑主语
I want to speak to the manager.我想跟经理谈话。(不定式to speak的逻辑主语是I)
I appreciate your helping me.感谢你对我的帮助。(动名词helping的逻辑主语是you)
Who’s that speaking?您是哪位?(现在分词speaking的逻辑主语是that)
Fired by his boss,John had to look for another job.约翰被老板解雇了,不得不另谋出路。(过去分词fired的逻辑主语是John)