省略句的三大命题热点

来源：高中英语教学交流网
发布时间：2015-12-17 10:04:00
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内容提要：语法精讲：省略句的三大命题热点

热点一：if省略的固定搭配
The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________，reaching 30℃ in summer.
A．if not B．if ever C．if any D．if so
解析：选B　句意：这里的气候宜人，即使曾经发生过，在夏季气温达到30摄氏度的情况也很少出现。if not“如果不”；if ever“如果曾经有；如果曾经发生”；if any“如果有的话”；if so“如果是这样的话”。if ever相当于if it (the temperature) ever reached 30℃ in summer。
常见if构成的省略的固定搭配有：
if so如果这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有过/做过的话
if any 如果有的话
if necessary/important 如果必要/重要的话
It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.If so, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.(2011·江苏高考)
听起来好像汽车的发动机出了毛病，如果这样的话，我们最好马上把车送到修理厂。
热点二：状语从句的省略
1．If________ for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A．to accept B．accept C．accepting D．accepted
解析：选D　句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。句中you与accept之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，所以答案为D。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job, you’ll be informed soon。
2．There are some health problems that, when ________ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A．not treated B．not being treated
C．not to be treated D．not having been treated
解析：选A　句意：有一些健康问题，如果不及时处理，过些时候会变成比较严重的问题。when not treated in time是when some health problems are not treated in time的省略。
在状语从句中，如果主从句主语一致或从句的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
①If (you are) asked to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.(2013·江西高考)
如果有人要求为他照看行李，请马上报警。
②He stood at the gate as if (he was) to say something.
他站在门口好像要说什么。
③All the photographs in this book, unless(they are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.(2012·陕西高考)
这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50年代。
热点三：不定式的省略
The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________.
A．not to do B．not to C．not do D．do not
解析：选B　句意：那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。为了避免重复，常常省略与前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符号to。补充完整后应为“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。
在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to。
①I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
②—Will you join the game?
—I’d be glad to.
[点津]　如果承前省略的不定式中含有系动词be或助动词have时，be和have不能省略。
①—Are you a doctor?
—No, but I used to be.
②—He hasn’t finished the work.
—But he ought to have.