高考英语试卷中的长句、难句分析及应对之策

参考答案：

1． It is all exciting idea to send two robots driving over very different places of Mars at the same time, to be able to see what is on the other side of the hill.

分析：这句话中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to send two robots…。而第二个不定式to be able to see what is on the other side of the hill.则是two robots的后置定语，修饰robots，由于太长和结构上的困难，不能直接放在robots后面，所以用逗号隔开放在后面了。

这句话意思是：

把两个机器人同时发送到火星不同地区，而两个机器人可以观察到火星山两边的情况，这个想法真激动人心。

2． The woman at the desk gave him a bright smile as he entered and, after Peter had

A B C

explained what sort of room he was looking for, he paid two pounds for a list of

D E

about half a dozen landladies who had rooms to let.

F

分析：

这个句子共有6个主谓结构，and连接了两个并列句，而这两个并列句又都是复合句。A是第一个并列句的主句；B是第一个复合句中的时间状语从句。C则是第二个复合句中的时间状语从句；D是时间状语从句中的定语从句；E则是第二个并列句的主句，F则是第二个并列句的主句中的定语从句，修饰landladies。

这句话意思是：

当Peter进来时，坐在桌边的女士向他爽朗笑了笑。在Peter告诉她他在找什么房子后，她让Peter交了6磅买了一份大约有6个要出租房子的女房东的名单。最后一句中的let意为“出租”。

3． Decision-thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.

分析：

这句话不长，但是由于友好几个从句，并且还有省略，所以难度很大。破折号后面是进一步说明前面的内容。这是英语中常用的修辞手段。在it often matters not only what you think中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是what you think，这是个主语从句。原句的顺序应是：not only what you think matters, 这里的matter什东词，表示很重要。后面句子中省略了两个matter。原句的顺序应是：but also what others think you think （matters） and what you think they think you think （matters）.

这句话意思是：

人们在做决定时的思维和打牌时的思维完全一样--- 做决定时，我们不仅仅要考虑到我们的想法，而且还要考虑到别人会如何想你的想法；还有你会如何考虑别人是会怎样想你的想法的。最后一句中的what you think 是主语从句，they think是主语从句的宾语从句，而you think 又是they think的宾语从句。

4． In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes： there are what he called games of "perfect information", games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks; they don’t win by chance, but by means of logic and skills.

分析：冒号后面的句子there are what he called games of "perfect information", games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks; 是对前面two classes的说明。句中的games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks;又是前面games的同位语，作补充说明。分号后面的句子they don’t win by chance, but by means of logic and skills.则是对前面句子中the players can’t hide anything or play tricks进行补充说明。