英语中的直接引语变为间接引语时，根据实际情况的不同会发生不同程度的变化：句式变化、主句动词变化、从句人称变化、从句时态变化以及时间（地点）状语等变化。本文将主要谈谈句式的变化，其中将涉及语序的变化。

当直接引语为陈述句时，变为间接引语时，其变法较易掌握，在此不再赘述。以下将为同学们讲解将直接引语为疑问句、祈使句及感叹句的句子变为间接引语时需注意的事项。

1. 直接引语是疑问句

1） 一般疑问句或选择疑问句变为间接引语时，变为whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：

 “Are you ready?” the teacher asked the students.→The teacher asked the students whether / if they were ready.

Tom asked me, “Do you like tea or coffee?” →Tom asked me whether I liked tea or coffee.

若直接引语是否定的一般疑问句时，变为间接引语时常用whether... or not结构。 如：

 “Don't you know Tom is waiting for you?” she asked me. →She asked me whether I knew Tom was waiting for me or not.

2） 反意疑问句变为间接引语时，可以用if或whether引导，但原来的问句部分不再存在。如：

 “We have met somewhere before, haven't we?” she asked. →She asked （me） if / whether we had met somewhere before.

3） 特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，仍用原特殊疑问词来引导宾语从句。如：

 “What are you doing?” he asked me. →He asked （me） what I was doing.

4） 表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为间接引语时常用“ask / advise / tell + sb. + to do”结构。如：

 “Would you mind opening the window?” he said.→He asked me to open the window.

2. 直接引语是祈使句

1） 表示要求、命令等含义的祈使句变为间接引语时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，形成“ask / tell / order / warn等 + sb. to do”结构。如：

She said to her husband, “Don't smoke in the hall.”→She told / asked her husband not to smoke in the hall.

2） 表示劝告、建议等意义的祈使句变为间接引语时，常用“suggest / say等 + that从句”或“suggest / advise + doing”结构。如：

 “Let's have a rest,” Jack said.→Jack suggested having a rest.

3. 直接引语是感叹句

由what或how引导的感叹句变为间接引语时，可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。如：

 “What a lovely day it is!” he said.→He said what a lovely day it was.或He said that it was a lovely day.

Exercise

变下列直接引语为间接引语。

1. “Will you wait for them or go on?” he asked me.

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2. “Tom didn't like sports, did he?” she asked.

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3. “Why are you late again?” he asked me.

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4. “Will you please send Mary home?” I asked Tom.

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5. “Stand in the corner,” she said to Peter.

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6. “Let's have a game of chess,” he said.

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7. “How clever a girl Mary is!” he said.

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