【原创】英语语法“985”!掌握好这22个核心语法,英语学习不必愁


来源:广东高考在线微信公众号
发布时间:2016-09-20 13:20:00
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内容提要:学英语,掌握语法相当重要。然而,说到语法很多同学一言不合就头大,“那么厚的语法书,那么多知识点,我怎么能都记住?!”如果我告诉你高中阶段要掌握的核心语法知识点并不多,你信不信?

六、连词

连词需要注意三点:

一是成分(连词在从句中所作成分:主语、宾语、表语、状语等);

二是连词(根据句意及连词的用法判断,这也就是考查的内容);

三是从句(连词引导的是什么从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句)。

常考的是定语从句的连词、同位语从句的连词,名词性从句的连词what

定语从句的连词:

先行词

关系词

从句结构

说明

名词(人

或物)

that(人或物);

which (物);

who(人、主语)

whom (人、宾语)

+及物动词;

be+表语;

+不及物动词+

谓语动词+宾语

缺主或缺宾,该成分由关系词充当。

代高序双特(只用that

介词可提前

代词those

who

名词(人

或物)

(介)+which

(介)+whom

时间的名词

地点的名词

原因的名词

when

where

why

主谓宾

+不及物动词

+be+表语

+be done (表被动)

+there be

不缺主宾,作状语

名词1

whose+名词2

其他结构

翻译为名词1“名词2”

As we all know=

As is known to us all

 

翻译为:众所周知

同位语从句:

 “名词+连词 +从句结构 (根据连词前后的词性及词意,判断是定语从句、同位语从句还是状语从句)

同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

1、看结构

2、翻译:如果把名词(抽象名词:idea, fact, view, reason,opinion,concern,question)划掉还可以翻译得通,那就是同位语。定语从句翻译为:从句+“”+名词,同位语从句翻译为:名词+“”+从句。

3、句子完整时如果是定语从句的话就不能使用that,而是why, when ,where

The news that he passed the exam is true. (同位语从句)

The news that he told us is true.(定语从句)

The news that

he passed the exam

is true.

完整的句子

he told us

不完整的句子

名词性从句what

1. What+主语+及物动词,如:What he says is reasonable(合理的)。说明:划线部分是主语从句,what 在从句中作宾语。

2. what +主语+不及物动词+介词,如:The judge 法官does not consider what each eyewitness目击者 looks like. 说明:划线部分是what引导的是宾语从句,what在从句中作介词like的宾语)

3. What + 主语+be,如:He is not what he was ten years ago.(他不再是十年前的他了。)说明:划线部分是表语从句,what 在从句中作表语)

又如:I'm not to blame,Mum.I am what you have made me. 说明:划线部分是表语从句,what 在从句中作补语)

4. What后接名词,做定语。如:I gave him what books=any books that/the books thatI had .

It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.

The shocking news mad me realize what terrible problems we would face.

5.What +谓语(vt+宾语 What makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. 主语从句what 在从句中作主语)

What +be done , 如:The farmer’s wife rushed to see what was caught.

6. what 用于固定搭配,what……do with , how……deal with

How do you deal with this problem?What do you do with this problem? 这个问题你怎样处理?

We dreamed about what we would do with the money, but we rarely stop to think about how the money would change us.

七、冠词

单数名词都有冠词,简称冠名。常见结构为 a/an +形容词+单数可数名词。

名词第一次出现或泛指时,冠词用a/an,后接词的首字母发音是(AEIOU)时,用an, 如:an apple, an English book, an important thing, an operation, an unusual reason , 特殊的有an umbrella, an hour, an honest boy, an s, an 18 student, a university, a usual thing

名词第二次出现[复指]the

1. 强调特指时用the (比如后接专有名词);the USA

2. the + 最高级:the best,

3. the + 形容词 (表某一类人)(rich 【富人】, poor【穷人】, wounded【伤者】, dead【死者】, elderly【长者】)

4. the+比较级(the more .. the better

5. the +序数词 (表顺序): the first

6. a+ 序数词 (表又,再),如:a second time 又一次

八、代词

代词的考查:语法填空是有提示词,所以答案是横向查找,如提示词是they,那么就是在them, their,theirs, themselves一列找。 改错题一种情况是如语法填空那样,另一种情况是纵向查找,如把he改为she

人称

单复数

人称主格

人称宾格

形容词性物主代词

名词性物主代词

反身代词

第一人称

I

me

my

mine

myself

we

us

our

ours

ourselves

第二人称

you

you

your

yours

yourself

you

you

your

yours

yourselves

第三人称

he

him

his

his

himself

she

her

her

hers

herself

it

it

its

itself

they

them

their

theirs

themselves

说明:1、主格+谓语+宾格【I +am/was; youwe/they +are/were; he/she/it+is/was

2、形代+名词=物代

3by oneself

It 的用法有:用于强调句中(结构为 it was/is +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分)、作形式主语/宾语(后常有to do)、指代未知性别的婴儿或人时(如有人敲门或接电话时,问who is it ?)、表示距离/时间/天气(现在时,谓语用第三人称单数)等。

九、数词

近几年的语法填空和改错题没有出现对数字的考查,其考查主要是基础词和序数词的正确写法、分词的表达。在阅读中,偶尔会出现这样的分词表达:one tenth =one out of ten =one in ten =10%


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