【原创】英语语法“985”!掌握好这22个核心语法,英语学习不必愁


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发布时间:2016-09-20 13:20:00
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内容提要:学英语,掌握语法相当重要。然而,说到语法很多同学一言不合就头大,“那么厚的语法书,那么多知识点,我怎么能都记住?!”如果我告诉你高中阶段要掌握的核心语法知识点并不多,你信不信?

二态(时态和语态)

1、时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。

1)一般现在时(do/does; is/am/are

2)现在进行时 am/is/are doing

3)现在完成时 have/has done

4)现在完成进行时 have/has been doing

5)一般过去时 did; was/were

6)过去完成时 had done

7)过去将来时 would do

8)过去进行时 was/ were doing

9)一般将来时(will do, am/is/are going to do, am/is/are about to do, be to do

10)将来进行时 will be doing

11)将来完成时 will have done

12)将来完成进行时 will have been doing

13)过去完成进行时(had been doing

14)过去将来进行时 would be doing

15)过去将来完成时 would have done

16)过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing

2、英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。在汉语,我们往往用""""""等被动词表示被动意义,而在英语中,被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。

例句:

06浙江)现在完成时:My friend,who has servedserveon the International Olympic Committee all his life,is retiring next month.

06重庆)现在进行时的被动语态:I have to go to work by taxi because my car is being repaired repair at the garage.

06重庆)一般过去时:I lived live in London for many years,but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.

06北京)一般现在时,过去进行时:

—Where did you put the keys of the car?

—Oh,I remember I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I was coming in.

过去完成时:His father told me that he had left leave three days before for the United States.

一般将来时:My uncle is leaving/will leave leave Shanghai in a few days.

现在完成时的被动语态:The experiment has been done do successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。

一般过去时,一般现在时:What we used to think was be impossible now does do seem possible.

一般过去时的被动语态:When we got there, we were told tell the dog had already been adopted.

过去完成进行时:The telephone had been ringingringfor two minutes before it was answered.

三非谓(现在分词doing, 过去分词done, 不定式to do

谓语与非谓语的区别 (以do为例,请比较不同):

谓语

进行时

be + doing 【现在或过去进行时】

do/does/did 【一般现在或一般过去】

has/had/have been doing 【现在或过去完成进行时】

表进行

被动语态

be + done 【现在或过去被动语态】

表被动

完成时

have+ done 【现在完成时】

has+ done【现在完成时】

had +done【过去完成时】

have/has/had +been done 【完成时的被动语态】

表完成[现在完成时,第三人称单数的现在完成时,过去完成时]

将来时

be to do 【一般将来时】

will do【一般将来时】

will be done【一般将来时】

表将来

非谓语

现在分词

doing  

表进行、主动、伴随,作状语,一般前面会有(一个)逗号

过去分词

done

表完成、被动

不定式

to do

to be done

表将来、目的(it作形式主语或宾语时,be+adj.+to do 结构)

谓语和非谓语的区别就是是否有behas, have, had

另外,There be 结构涉及到了倒装、主谓一致和非谓语。Be动词根据后面的名词决定使用单数(am/is/was)还是复数(were/are)。后面的动词只能用非谓语;例如:

There are two students having class. 有两个学生正在上课。

After the war, there were many things to rebuild up in the country. 战后,整个国家百废待兴。

In this book, there are some texts learnt before. 这本书里,有些课文已在以前学过。

五、介词

常见的介词有:on,in, at, with, without, before, below, for, from , after, up, of, about, to, behind, by, until, as作为, against, but, unlike, like, around, within, between, among, off, into, towards, since(自从)等。

介词后面接名词、动名词、代词、连词。介词常考查固定搭配(如the answer to the question),或意思(如 a friend of mine)。


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