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by oneself,for oneself,in oneself,of oneself


来源:英语学习交流
发布时间:2009-05-11 21:28:00
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内容提要:高中英语教学交流网 http://zshunj.cn

       by oneself,for oneself,in oneself,of oneself 这四个词组的意义有所不同。

By oneself的意思是“单独地”、“靠自己地”( alone or independently)。例:

  His father lives by himself in the village.  他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。

  All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now.  他所有的朋友都离弃他,现在他孤独一人。

  For oneself的意义为“为自己”(for himself or for herself)。例:

  One should not live only for oneself.  人不应单为自己而活。

  In oneself的意思是“就其本身或本性而言”。例:

  This wood is hard in itself.  这种木头本要就是硬的。

  Of oneself的意思是“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”(of one's own accord)。例:

Every day I awake of myself at half past five.  每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。

The door opened of itself.  门是自己开的。

The fire went out of itself.  火自己熄灭了。

  与上列四个短语相类似的还有两个词组,即beside oneself和 to oneself,前者义:“失常”、“发狂”;后者是“独自占有或享用”。例:

  He was beside himself with joy.  他欣喜若狂。

  When one dines in a restaurant,one likes a table to oneself.  人们在饭店吃饭时,总是喜欢独占一桌。

  Oneself和 one's self的区别也是值得我们注意的。Oneself是反身强调代词,意指自己;one's self则是代词加名词,意指个人的本性。它们的区别如同myself和my self;    yourself和your self ;himself和his self;ourselves 和our selves ;themselves和their selves一样。例:

  She made a cup of tea for herself.  她为自己烧了一杯茶。

  She looked just like her old self.  她看上去和从前依然一模一样。

  请注意,myself可以在句中表示me的涵义,这是其他反身代词所没有的特性。例:

  They invited my father and myself(=me)to their party.  他们邀请我父亲和我参加他们的聚会。

  He saw neither myself nor Mary in the street.  在马路上他既没有看见我,也没有看见玛丽。


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