完形填空十种逻辑关系

来源：《广东教育(高中)》2017年第10期
发布时间：2018-01-26 09:20:00
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内容提要：解题时，一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分，从而大幅提高解题能力。

7. 递进关系

所谓递进关系，是指后一分句以前一分句为基点，并在程度或范围上比前一分句有更进一层的语义关系。常见关联词有even, besides, what’s more等。
[例14]They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had seen the day before into their game. They played aggressively and 36 scored a goal. (2015年全国II卷)
36.A.even B.still C.seldom D.again
解析：前文说她们把前一天从对手身上“看到”的技巧和合作精神融入到自己的比赛中。由 “她们表现得很有进攻性”与“(甚至)还进了一球”是递进关系，故选A。
[例15] Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. 46 , through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems. (2014年湖南卷)
46. A. Instead B. Besides C. Otherwise D. However
解析：“无论我在生活中遇到什么失败，熨烫衣服说明我还有某种强项”与“(而且)通过熨烫衣服，我已经学会了解决最难问题的方法”之间为递进关系，故选B。

8.解释关系

解释关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明。解释的方法既可通过某些动词（mean, be和suggest等），也可通过某些符号（破折号，冒号和括号等），或者关联词(for example/instance, namely等)。这里只讨论句子之间的解释关系。
[例16] In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of 51 . For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world. (2017年北京卷)
51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments
解析：由for example可知，两句之间为解释关系。并且由后一句的句意“例如，她获得2007年度的BRICK Award大奖”可知，51空处应表示“奖励”，故选A。
[例17]On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most____48____ part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. (2016年北京卷)
48. A. shameful B. boring C. dangerous D. foolish
解析：空后的句子“Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. ”是对48空所在句子的解释，由这一解释可知“这是旅途中最危险的一部分”，故选C。

9.顺序关系

当前后句之间的逻辑关系为顺序关系时，它们往往表示某一事件或动作的连续发生。值得注意的是，顺序关系有时不是指前后句之间，而是存在于上下段或上下文之间。常见关联词有to begin with, first of all, first(ly), second(ly), then, next, in the end, finally, last but not least 等。
[例18]In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Laboratory.”… Before the school year 47 , I gave the kids a special gift, … (2017年新课标Ⅱ卷)
47. A. changed B. approached C. returned D. ended
解析：前文说作者正在教小学，根据 “I gave the kids a special gift ”，可知从句应表示“在本学年结束之前”，故选D。
[例19]And I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must have talked for ten minutes. Kurt listened patiently, but then he 42 smiled and said, “You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?” (2016江苏卷)
42. A. eagerly B. gradually C. gratefully D. finally
解析：由信号词then可知，前后分句之间的逻辑关系为顺序关系。根据语境可知：耐心听完之后，Kurt才最后微笑着说“You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?”。故选D。

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