完形填空十种逻辑关系

来源：《广东教育(高中)》2017年第10期
发布时间：2018-01-26 09:20:00
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内容提要：解题时，一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分，从而大幅提高解题能力。

4.转折关系

当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时，前句往往提出某种事实或情况，后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思，即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。常见关联词：however, but, on the contrary等。
[例7] We went 10—1 and I was named most valuable player, _____48_____ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident. (2016年全国Ⅱ卷)
48. A. and B. then C. but D. thus
解析：“我被命名为最有价值的运动员”与“我常做恶梦被责备”是转折关系，故选项C正确。
[例8] Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1, 000 miles away, in Anchorage. (2016年北京卷)
38. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
解析：因“韦尔奇医生迫切需要药品来预防小孩子们患病”与“最近的药品供应站也在一千英里之外的安克雷奇”为转折关系，故选D。
[例9] The lessons they learned may not be 40 what they would have gotten in school，but are certainly more personal and meaningful，because they had to work them out on their own. (2015 年全国Ⅱ卷)
40．A. harmful to B．mixed with C．different from D．applied to
解析：由转折连词but后一分句可推知整句的句意为“她们学到的经验可能与将在学校得到的并无区别(different from)，但一定更加个性化，更有意义，因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”，故选C。

5.对比关系

当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时，两句在意义上应具有明显的差异，以便进行对照比较。常见关联词：while, whereas, not….. but, instead等。
[例10]The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. (2017年新课标Ⅰ卷)
58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However
解析：考查对比关系的关联词。 “I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant(我很快意识到安静不是不令人愉快的)”和“if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less(如果当时有口语交流，那只会造成我们学的手语更少)”是对比关系，故选C。
[例11]Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact (接触) even with friends, certainly not with strangers. People from Latin American countries， 45 , touch each other quite a lot. (2012年全国Ⅰ卷)
45. A. in other words B. on the other hand C. in a similar way D. by all means
解析：“拉丁美洲的人相互之间身体接触较多”与前一句“北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人”之间为对比关系，用on the other hand(另一方面)，故选B。

6.并列关系

在用并列连词and或not only…but also把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中，前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，既可以是同近义并列，也可以反义并列。解题时，可从一个简单句推知正确答案。
[例12] Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）. He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s 46 . (2017年新课标Ⅱ卷)
46. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. dishonesty D. mistake
解析：根据并列连词and和前一分句中的fun以及46空前面的saddest不难判断：两分句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，且是反义并列，故选A。
[例13]Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to 30 her friends and praise their accomplishments. (2016年天津卷)
30. A. cheer on B. compete with C. respond to D. run after
解析：根据“and praise their accomplishments”可推知，30空应为：为某人鼓劲加油，故选A。

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