2015届高三英语完形填空技巧精讲精练


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发布时间:2014-08-02 19:16:00
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内容提要:考生必须尽可能地利用短文中上下文中出现过的信息词、信息句去猜测推断意思,理解线索,弄清句与句之间、段落与段落之间的联系,


      英语完形填空题主要考查学生阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力和对具体语境的把握能力,设10处空白,每处空白要求学生从文下所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳选项作为答案。考生必须尽可能地利用短文中上下文中出现过的信息词、信息句去猜测推断意思,理解线索,弄清句与句之间、段落与段落之间的联系,从而达到全面理解整篇文章、进而找到最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整的目的。

解题技巧

       第一步:跳读首尾句,判断文体,预测主题。

       一般来讲,高考完形填空的首、尾句是不挖空的,先跳读这两句,便可判断体裁,猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what,即四个W,那么就是记叙文,很可能就是一个故事,为了测试语篇的理解能力,出题者特别注意选材的趣味性,其结尾往往出人意料,耐人寻味;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物,一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点,那么就是议论文。   

       第二步:通读全文,把握大意。

       做完形填空时要注意文章开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用。首先要快速浏览全文,弄清各段落之间,各层次之间的内在联系,把握文章的完整性。只有这样才符合这种题型的解题思路。

       第三步: 逐句细读,确定选项。

       大致把握了全文的大意和作者的意图之后,就可以根据上下文,选取与文意最贴切的选项。此时,应遵循先易后难的原则,对有把握的选项“一锤定音”。对没有把握的选项不妨先放一放,接着往下看,往往会出现“柳暗花明”的情况。

第四步:再次阅读,复查答案。

复查时从意义和语法两个角度考虑,着眼于全篇。特别注意的是,我们所选的是“最佳”选项而不是“正确”答案。 

【精练精析】

   

     Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel. Green said, “Clearly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and leaves. Without me, all animals would ___1__.”

     Blue interrupted, “You only think about the __2__, but consider the sky and the sea. __3__ the water that is the basis of life and drawn up by the clouds from the deep sea. Without my peace, you would all be __4__.”

     Yellow chuckled (笑道), “You are all so serious. I bring laughter, fun, and __5__ into the world.”

     Orange started next to blow her trumpet, “I am the color of health and strength. I may be __6__, but I am precious for I serve the needs of human life. When I fill the sky __7__, my beauty is so striking that no one gives another __8__ to any of you.”

Red could stand it __9__ and he shouted out, “I am the ruler of all of you. I am the color of danger and of bravery. I am willing to __10__ truth. I am also the color of passion and of love.”

     Then came Purple and Indigo (深蓝) …

     The colors went on boasting, each convinced of his or her own __11__. Their quarreling became louder and louder. Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightening thunder. Rain started to pour down __12__. The colors crouched (蜷缩) down __13__, drawing close to one another for comfort.

     In the midst of the clamor (叫嚷), rain began to speak, “You foolish colors, fighting __14__ yourselves, each trying to dominate __15__. Don’t you know that you were each made for a special purpose, __16__? Join hands with __17__ and come to me.”

Doing as they were told, the colors __18__ and joined hands. They formed a colorful rainbow. From then on, whenever a good rain ___19__ the world, a rainbow appears in the sky. They remember to __20__ one another.

1. A. stay              B. leave                      C. go out              D. die

2. A. earth            B. moon                      C. star                  D. sun

3. A. That is          B. I am                       C. It is                  D. This is

4. A. anything       B. nothing                    C. something         D. everything

5. A. warmth        B. sadness                    C. depression        D. anxiety

6. A. usual            B. normal                    C. common          D. scarce

7. A. at midnight                                      B. at noon or at night    

    C. at sunrise or sunset                          D. during the day

8. A. gift              B. honor                       C. thought            D. respect

9. A. for more       B. any more                 C. very much       D. no longer

10. A. turn to        B. fight for                  C. struggle with     D. bend over

11. A. superiority B. disadvantages           C. inferiority        D. weakness

12. A. gently         B. quietly                    C. violently           D. peacefully

13. A. with care    B. in fear                     C. by chance        D. on purpose

14. A. among        B. by                           C. for          D. against

15. A. others         B. themselves               C. the other          D. the rest

16. A. equal and simple                            B. ordinary and similar 

      C. more or less                                  D. unique and different

17. A. each other   B. me                          C. one another D. them

18. A. combined    B. separated                 C. united              D. divided

19. A. cleans         B. washes                    C. brightens          D. dampens

20. A. appreciate   B. quarrel with             C. ignore              D. praise

答案与解析

1. D  由上文I am the sign of life and hope可知“没有我,其它的动物就会死亡。”

2. A  由下文的“天空和海洋”,结合上文的“草、树、叶”可知,此处指“陆地”。

3. C  此处是一个强调句型:It be +被强调部分+that从句。

4. B  此处与第一段的最后一句有异曲同工的作用,意为“没有我,你们全都没有”。

5. A  此选项应与前面的laughter, fun一样表示积极向上的词,而sadness,depression,anxiety都表示“消极”的意义。

6. D  桔黄色在平时不多见,结合下文只有在太阳升起或落下时出现,因此用scarce表示“稀少,不常见”。

7. C  由常识可知,只有在太阳升起或落下时天空才出现桔黄色。

8. C   由上文“我的美丽如此迷人”推断下文“当我出现时,没有人会想起你们的”。give thought to想起,注意。

9. D  由下文shouted out可知,红色再也忍不住了,no longer表示“不再”。

10. B  由上文bravery可知,此处意为“我愿意为真理而战”。fight for为……而战。

11. A  由上文各种颜色的讲话内容及此句中的boasting可知,它们都在吹嘘自己的优越。

12. C  由谓语动词pour down可知,副词用violently来表示“猛烈、激烈”。

13. B  由谓语crouched down及下文“互相缩成一团”可知:它们处于“恐惧之中”。

14. A  三者或三者以上相互之间应用介词among。

15. D  句中的动词dominate意为“支配”,根据上文的内容,他们极力说自己的优点,想超出对方,因此用the rest表示除自己之外的所有其它颜色。

16. D  由for a special purpose可知,各种颜色都有自己的特殊用途,它们各自的特点是其它颜色没有的,因此用unique and different来表示“独特的和与众不同的”。

17. C  此处表示三者以上的“互相,彼此”,要用one another。

18. C  由下文joined hands可知,颜色们联合起来,团结在一起。

19. B  此处是拟人化的表达,wash有“冲洗”之意。此处意为“每当一场大雨之后”。

20. A  它们团结在一起形成了美丽的彩虹,所以颜色们都记住要彼此欣赏。


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