独立主格结构

如：

Don’t sleep with the windows open.别开着窗睡觉。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他穿着衣服躺在床上。

She came in with a book in her hand.她手里拿着一本书走了进来。

He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了。

I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。

He sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服，我无法出门了。

特殊

当独立主格与主句主语不同时可有：eg:We walking through the garden,the flowers are beautiful.

注意事项

1.独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After class was over （=Class being over / Class over）, the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。

2. 不能省略being （having been）的情形：在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。

（1） 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。

（2）在There being+名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

3. 在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom,book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom,with a book in her hand.

4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。（比较动名词复合结构。）

典例分析

请看下面一道题：

Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

A. its B. whose C. which D. that

【分析】此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的 seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词is，则可以选择B（当然若将 seated 改为sitting，也应选择A）。所以此题最佳答案选A。

请再看一个类似的例子：

（1） He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. them C.which D. that

（2） He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. them C. which D. that

第（1）应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词（非谓语动词），若选C，则该从句无谓语；第（2）应选C，该句是典型的非限制性定语从句，因为该句修饰的是前面的novels，即指物，所以只能用which做of的宾语，故本题选C。

再请看下面一例：

（3） He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. them C. which D. that

【分析】此题与上面的第（2）题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。

请做做以下四题：

（1） There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.（独立主格结构）

A. which B. them C. whom D. that

（2） There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners. （非限制性定语从句）

A. which B. whom C. who D. that

（3） There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.（两个句子）

A. which B. them C. whom D. that

（4）There _________ nothing more to do,Mr.Goodman left for home.（独立主格结构）

A. was B. being C. to be D. had being

（答案均为B）