葛文山：如何修补作文句子碎片和连写句

三、因使用非谓语动词不当而引起的句子碎片

当 ing 分词或不定式处于一组词的首位或靠近首位时，就有可能出现句子碎片。这样的句子缺少主语或缺少谓语动词的一部分，语义不完整。

1. Ispent almost two hours on the phone yesterday. Trying to find a garage torepair my car.

2. Shewas very happy with the blue sports car she bought for only ＄500.Not realizing until a week later that the car averaged 7 miles a gallon of gas.

3. Helooked forward to the study period at school. It being the only time he couldsit un-bothered and dream about his future.

4. Iplan on working overtime. To get this job finished. Otherwise, my boss may getangry at me.

改正这类句子碎片的方法有三个：让句子碎片与其前或其后的句子连接起来，使语义完整（例句1）；增添主语，把 ing 部分变为动词的正确形式（例句2）；把 being 改为 be 的恰当形式（例句3）。改正不定式时引起的句子碎片的办法是将动词不定式部分与其前的一组词连接起来。我们可以把上面两个病句修改为：

1. Ispent almost two hours on the phone yesterday, trying to find a garage to repair my car.

2. Shewas very happy with the blue sports car she bought for only ＄500.But he realized only a weeklater that the car averaged 7 miles a gallon of gas.

3. Helooked forward to the study period at school. It was the only time he could sit un-bothered and dream abouthis future.

4. Iplan on working overtime to getthis job finished.

巩固练习

 四、因从属连词而引起的句子碎片。

常见的从属连词：after, unless,even (ever though, even if), since, before, when (whenever), because, if, who(whoever), while, as, (as if), which (whichever), although, though, so that,where (wherever), until, that 当你用以上这些词开始一句句子，要避免从属连词引起的句子碎片。

1. TheUnited States declared war. Because the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor.

2. Thebattery is dead. Which means the car won’t start.

从属连词、关系代词和关系副词是用来引导从句的，一个句子中，仅有从句是不完整的。语法不合乎要求，语义也不完整。

改正这类句子碎片通常的做法是将其与其前或后的句子连上即可（如用并列连词、动词不定式、介词短语等）。或仅仅需要把从属连词删掉。一定要注意争取使用标点符号。我们可以把上面两个病句修改为：

1. TheUnited States declared war becausethe Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor.

2. Thebattery is dead, which meansthe car won’t start.

巩固练习：

参考答案：⑴, forexample,（注意标点符号）；⑵. Forexample, I（注意标点符号）；⑶she；⑷they hide；⑸because。