(高中英语）长难句如何理解！

4.He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Master’s degree at university in chemistry.

【句式翻译】他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的那一年。

【句式分析】本句含有一个after引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了过去完成时态。

【词语点拨】gain  vt.（经过努力）获得，取得

We gain knowledge by practicing again and again.我们从反复训练中获取知识。

They realized that passing the exam was no longer enough to gain a place at university.他们认识到仅仅通过这个考试，并不能确保在大学获得一席之位。

【语法点拨】过去完成时的构成：had done，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before, after等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。

如：His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift he had long expected.当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.12岁时，爱迪生就已经开始自己谋生了。

5. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.

【句式翻译】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。

【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。

【词语点拨】suitable  adj.合适的，适当的

构成短语：be suitable for  适合……

They don’t think this article is suitable for publication.

他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。

John wanted to change over to a more suitable job.

约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。

【语法点拨】将来完成时的构成：will have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与by + 将来时间，before+将来时间和by the time 引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如：

He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.

到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。

6. In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.

【句式翻译】在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。

【句式分析】本句是由并列连词but连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。

【词语点拨】1） celebrate  vt.庆祝

The whole city celebrated the New Year with fireworks.

全城放焰火来庆祝新年。

2） affect  vt.影响，感动

I told him firmly that his opinion will not affect my decision.

我坚定的告诉他，他的观点不会影响我的决定。

The audience present was deeply affected by his speech.

在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。

【语法点拨】将来完成时, 具体用法第5句。