高考英语阅读中的五大微读

来源：新东方英语名师张静春
发布时间：2016-05-07 11:07:00
查看次数：

内容提要：需要同学们注意的是，在掌握文章大意的前提下，这些地方可以先忽略不读。但不排除某些细节题会涉及微读的其中内容，

　　比如：2013江苏卷C篇第4段

　　When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.（重要信息）

　　这边的instead表示"而是"，也就是否决了前面。既然如此，我们其实只需要关注instead后面的内容即可，这与but等的转折读法是一样的。但是如果出现了下列情况，该如何处理呢？

　　例：2013年山东省D篇第4段

　The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original sons performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intension was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.

　　这里instead of想必大家也都很熟悉，它同单独使用的instead一样吗？当然不是。Instead of表示"不是…（紧跟Instead of后面的成分）…而是…（当句的另外半句）…"，在此，我们可以标注如下：

　　The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original sons performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intension was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers（重要信息）.

　　由于instead of意思独特，所以看到它，就可以往后面找到逗号，重点看它不在的后半句。

　　相类似的还有我们一直没有提到的让步标志词。引导让步状语的词大多表示"虽然，尽管，无论怎样……但是，还是……"，所以跟instead of一样，重点不在引导词所在句，而是在引导词不在的另半句，比如下面两个例子中的Though 与Whatever

　　例如：2013年重庆卷E篇第1段

　　Though Johnson's observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak（重要信息）.

　　2013年广东省B篇第5段

　　Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. （重要信息）(插入语也可先忽略不重点看)

　　这里，给大家总结常用的让步状语的引导词有：though, although, as, while, 疑问词+ever, no matter +疑问词, in spite of, despite, regardless of…，方法同上，即紧跟这些词后面的成分不重要，另半句才是重要信息。

　　总结下来，同学们在看到诸如but, however等表示"但是，而是"的词时，重点看紧接着的内容，而看到表示"尽管，即使"的词，要注意句子的重点信息在另半句。

　　三、重复、进步一解释的内容-前懂后不读

　　在文章中难免有些内容一句话无法说清楚，所以会出现冒号，破折号这类标点来引出更具体的内容，这部分就看成是重复或是进一步解释的内容。

　　例如：2007年辽宁省B篇第2段

　　Her achievements are unbelievable : 390 million copies of books in print, nearly fifty New York Times best-selling novels, and a series of "Max and Martha" picture books for children to help them deal with the real-life problems of death, new hobbies and new schools.

　　本段第一句说"她的成就让人无法相信"，冒号后我们扫读到具体的数字并提到了畅销书，说明后面的内容都在具体描述她的成就，我们了解到这部分的主要内容是在夸奖她的成就，除非出题涉及到了这部分，那冒号后的那句话我们就没必要百分百地读懂。

　　再如：2013年湖北卷B篇第2段

　　Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mother's : both have full-time careers; both have published books, articles, and stories; each has three children; they both love to read. They also love to travel-in fact, they often take trips together. But in truth, the harder they look at their lives, the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.

　　这段中的第一句讲"Perri用惊奇的口吻记录下她和妈妈的人生如何地相似"。到底是怎么相似的呢？在不涉及做题时，冒号后面谈到的细节可以先不追究。但这篇阅读的题目中确实有关于这一细节的题目，那么在后面具体做题的时候可以快速定位到这段，阅读后选出正确答案。我们再来看一个例子：

　　例如：2013年上海卷A篇第5段

　　There have been changes over the years, but one thing remains the same : my message to children at the end of almost every visit. "There's only one person in this whole world like you." The kids can count on hearing me say, "and people can like you exactly as you are."

　　这段中，冒号前面的内容也很好理解："这些年，很多事都变了，只有一件事依然不变"，读到这里我们没办法知道是什么没有变，只能往下读。冒号后才说到作者会在每次拜访孩子们之后给他们留下信息。类似于这种情况，我们就不能直接省略了。

第1页 第2页 第3页