45、几个难掌握的主语从句和宾语从句
(1) You may take whatever(=anything/everything that)you like.
你喜欢什么就拿什么。
(2) You may take whichever(=any) seat you like.
你想坐哪个位置就坐哪个位置。
(3) Whoever(=Anyone who) cuts the trees down must be punished.
任何一个砍树的人都必须受到惩罚。
(4) You may give the note to whomever(=anyone whom) you meet at the office.
你可以把条子给你在办公室看到的任何一个人。
46、使用现在完成时和过去完成时的常用句型：
(1) since句型：主句用完成时
例：My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
从1949年，我婶婶就一直在一家诊所工作。
(2) since when +完成时
例：Since when have you planted so many young trees?
从什么时候你种植了这么多小树的？
(3) This/it is the first (third...) time sb have done sth
例：This is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次到这儿。
(4) by…（到……为止）到过去某个时候为止用过去完成时，到现在为止
用现在完成时，到将来某个时候为止用将来完成时。
例：She will have finished the book by my next birthday.
到我下一个生日为止，我将完成那本书。
By eleven o'clock yesterday, we had arrived at the airport.
到昨天十一点止我们就已经到达机场了。
但比较：By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners were seated.
就在主讲者进入大厅的时候，所有的听众都坐好了。
(5) in the past time( two days/years...) +完成时
例：In the past 10 years, there have been great changes in our family life.
在过去的十年里，我们的家庭生活发生了很大的变化。
(6) hardly ... when.... (no sooner ... than)句型用过去完成时
例：Hardly had I reached the school when the bell rang.
我一到学校，铃子就响了。
No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.
我们刚坐到桌子旁边电话就响了。
(7) 未实现的愿望打算等等用过去完成时
例：I had thought I could pass the final examination but I failed.