2.后缀
(1)形容词后缀-able “可……的,具有……的”
acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
-al“与……有关的”
physical, magical, political
-an“属于某地方的人”
American African
-ern“方向”
southern, northern, eastern
-ful/ less“(没)有……的”
helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
-ish“如……的;有……特征的”
foolish childish selfish
-ive“有……倾向的”
active attractive expensive
-en“由……制成的”
golden wooden woolen
-ous“有(性质)的”
famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly “有……性质的”
friendly yearly daily
-y“构成形容词”
noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名词后缀-er / or“表人或用具”
farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese“某国(人)的”
Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人”
musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者”
physicist, scientist, communist,socialist
-ess“表女性,雌性”
hostess, actress, princess
-ment“行为或其状态”
government, movement, achievement
-ness“性质,状态”
illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion“动作,过程,结果”
invention, organization, translation
-ance/ ence“抽象;行为、性质、状态”
importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th“性质、情况”
depth, warmth, truth
-ful“(满的)量”
handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态”
possibility, disability, reliability
-al“过程、状态”
survival, arrival, approval
-y“性质、情况”
modesty, delivery, honesty
-dom“处于……状态;性质”
freedom, boredom
-age“状态,行为,身份及其结果”
courage, storage, marriage
(3)动词后缀-fy / ify“使得;变得”
simplify, beautify, purify
-en“使成为……;变得”
shorten, deepen, sadden
-ize“使成为”
apologize, realize, specialize