三. 派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1前缀
除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀un-unhappy unfinished undress
dis- disagree disbelieve disavantage
in[il-(在字母l前),im-(在字母m,b,p前),ir(在字母r前)]-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
mis-misbehave mislead mistake
non-nonstop nonsmoker
(2)表示其他意义的前缀en-“使……”
enrich enlarge encourage
inter-“相互”
international intercontinental
re-“再,又,重”
rethink retell recycle
tele-“远程的”
telescope telephone telegraph
auto-“自动的”
automatic automobile
co-“共同”
coworker cooperate coexist
anti-“反对,抵抗”
antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi-“多”
multistory multicultural multicolor
bi-“双,二”
bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro-“极小的,微小的”
microwave microcomputer
over-“太多,过分”
overwork overdo overestimate
self-“自己,本身”
self-centered self-confident self-control
under-“在……下面,……下的,不足的”
underline, underground, underestimate, underrate