三、从行文逻辑设问
检查考生对文章整体结构的理解和逻辑推理能力。考生经常遇到这种情况:单独看某个句子,很难查出其错误,但上下文联系起来、把前后句结合一起读,才会发现问题。如:时态不一致、代词所指不一致、句子间转折、因果、并列关系错误等。
1. 时态不一致
[例26]Before long, a train inspector comes to check our tickets. (2014 浙江)
解析:改comes为came,因文中叙述过去发生的事。
[例27]… by the time I got back, they have finished the scene… (2011 陕西)
解析:因bythe time引出的从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,其后主句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时,故把have改为had。
2. 代词所指不一致
[例28] If you are me, would you talk to him? (2015 四川)
解析:据上下文可知,指作者的三个新朋友,应用复数,故改him为them。
[例29] I was eager to see him, but outside her room, I stopped. (2013 辽宁)
解析:根据前文,此处指Mr. Johnson,故改her为his。
[例30] I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. (2015 陕西)
解析:根据上下文逻辑,此处指“想为教练做点什么特别事情”,而不是“任何事情”,故改anything为something。
[例31]But after the test, all of us were called to the teacher’s office. (2013 四川)
解析:根据上下文,此处us指I和Mary两个人,故改all为both。
3. 句间逻辑
指句子之间转折、因果、并列、顺承、前后等逻辑关系错误。
[例32] It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to (删to) anywhere from the hotel by public transport. (2013 陕西)
解析:改but为so/and, 因前后句是因果或顺承关系而非转折关系。
[例33] If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forgot it.(2015 浙江)
解析:改If为Though/Although, 此处意为“虽然我在那个课室学习时还是个孩子,但我永远都忘不了它”,表示转折关系而非条件。
[例34] If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. (2014, 四川)
解析:改and为or, 因此处表示选择关系而非顺承关系。
[例35] His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate (classmates), my school or just everything else I love in the world. (2013, 浙江)
解析:改or为and,因此处表示并列关系而非选择关系。
[例36] My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. (2014 陕西)
解析:改after为when/while,因前后句非时间先后顺序,而是同时发生。
(本文选自《广东教育·高中》责任编辑 蒋小青)