二、从句法设问
检查考生对句子结构、复合句的理解、掌握及运用能力。这类错主要表现为:非谓语动词的错误,主谓不一致,连词的误用。
1. 非谓语动词的错误
[例17] I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing. (2013 陕西)
解析:因句中已有谓语动词shared了,take应为非谓语动词;又因take与逻辑主语photo是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作后置定语,故taking应改为taken。
[例18] I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. (2011 课标)
解析:buy应改为buying, 因为此处buy是主句谓语动词was的伴随状语,与主语I是主动关系,故用buy的现在分词。
[例19]Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. (2013 四川)
解析:因本句无谓语动词,asking应为谓语动词,根据上下文时态可知,要用一般过去时,故改asking为asked。
2. 主谓不一致
[例20]...what you should do when a fire alarm go off. (2014 四川)
解析:在when引导的时间状语从句中,主语为a fire alarm,是第三人称单数形式,故动词go改为goes。
[例21]Hard work have made him very ill. (2013 辽宁)
解析:因主语为hard work是第三人称单数形式,故改have为has。
[例22]...but the only clothes I had was those I had on. (2011 课标)
解析:主语为clothes,是复数,故改was为were。
3. 连词的误用
[例24]But before long they began to see which was happening. (2012 课标)
解析:see后为宾语从句,从句缺少主语,故用连接代词what(=the thing that)。
[例25]…we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.(2012 辽宁)
解析:从句意来看,应表示“直到”,故把unless改为until/till。