2013高考英语阅读理解备考题库（含详解）（一）
来源：高中英语教学交流
发布时间：2013-03-11 17:42:00
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内容提要：2013高考英语阅读理解备考题库（含详解）（一）
Bananas are one of the world’ s most important food crops. They are also one of the most valuable exports. Bananas do not grow from seeds. Instead, they grow from existing plants. Bananas are threatened by disease because all the plants on a farm are copies of each other. They all share the same genetic weaknesses.For example, the Cavendish banana is most popular in North American and European markets. However，some kinds of fungus organisms easily infect the Cavendish. Black Sigatoka disease affects the leaves of Cavendish banana plants. The disease is controlled on large farms by putting chemicals on the plant’ s leaves.Farmers put antifungal chemicals on their crops up to once a week.
Another fungal disease is more serious. Panama disease attacks the roots of the banana plant. There is no chemical treatment for this disease. Infected plants must be destroyed. Panama disease has affected crops in Southeast Asia, Australia and South Africa. There is concern that it may spread to bananas grown in the Americas. This could threaten an important export product for Central and South America.
The International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain supports research on bananas.The group has headquarters in France and other offices in the major bananagrowing areas of the world. The group says that more research must be done to develop improved kinds of bananas. The group says that fungal diseases mainly affect only one kind of banana. In fact, there are five hundred different kinds of bananas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has said that the Cavendish banana represents only 10% of world production.
The U．N. agency says farmers should grow different kinds of bananas. This protects against diseases that affect only one kind. Experts warn that disease may cause the Cavendish banana to disappear. This happened earlier to another popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease.
[语篇解读] 香蕉由于遗传性的抗病弱点，在不久的将来有的品种可能会消失。文章列举了两种威胁Cavendish香蕉的真菌病，国际组织建议农民种植更多种类的香蕉。
1．What does this passage mainly tell us?
A. Bananas are the world’ s most important food crops.
B. The risk to a popular banana shows need to grow other kinds.
C. There are five hundred different kinds of bananas.
D. How to grow bananas in different countries.
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据全文内容和结构判断，文章主要介绍威胁Cavendish香蕉的真菌类疾病，进而显示出种植其他种类香蕉的必要性。故答案为B。
[答案] B
2．Bananas are threatened by disease because ________.
A. they grow from seeds
B. they are one of the most valuable exports
C. the only way to prevent it is to put chemicals on their leaves
D. they have genetic weaknesses against disease
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，香蕉易受病害威胁是因为其遗传上的抗病弱点。后文也有叙述。
[答案] D
3．Panama disease________.
A. doesn’t belong to fungal disease
B. affects the leaves of banana plants
C. destroys bananas more seriously than Black Sigatoka disease
D. has spread to bananas all over the world
[解析] 细节判断题。根据第二段前两句可知A项错误；根据第二段第二句可知这种疾病威胁香蕉作物的根部，B项错误；根据第二段后三句可知，这种香蕉疾病已影响到东南亚、澳大利亚和南非，有可能传播到美洲，D项错误。由文章前两段分别对两种真菌病的描述可知，C项正确。
[答案] C
4．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that ________.
A. the center of the group is in the US
B. the Cavendish banana covers only a small part of the yield of bananas
C. the key to solving the disease is to research all kinds of bananas
D. each fungal disease affects five hundred different kinds of bananas
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The group has headquarters in France”可知其中心位于法国，A项错误；根据第三段第三句可知，应对这种疾病的办法是培育改良品种，而不是调查所有的品种，C项错误；根据第三段第四句可知D项错误。由第三段最后一句可判断B项正确。
[答案] B
5．According to the passage, which information is right?
A. The Cavendish banana can mainly be imported from North America and Europe.
B. Panama disease affects the leaves of Cavendish banana plants.
C. The Cavendish banana won’t die out in the future.
D. The Cavendish banana makes up only one tenth of world production.
[解析] 细节认定题。根据第一段中“the Cavendish banana is most popular in North American and European markets”可知这种香蕉在北美和欧洲市场最受欢迎，而不是从这两个地区进口，A项错误；根据第二段第二句可知B项错误；根据文章最后一段第三句可知C项错误；根据第三段最后一句可以判断D项正确。
[答案] D
[长难句解读] This happened earlier to another popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease.由于天生的抗病弱点，另一种受欢迎的香蕉早些时候灭绝了。because of引导原因状语。注意this指代的是上一句所说的情况。
When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we’re hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer.With college expenses at alltime highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.
One costcutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor’ s degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient.But there’s a question: Would the quality of undergraduate(本科生)education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a “threeyear degree” model.
I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a threeyear curriculum(课程) any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits(学分). In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist “diluting(稀释)” the quality of the education they offer.
In my opinion, a quality fouryear education is always superior to a quality threeyear education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it’ s not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns(实习生)in meaningful parttime jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the fiveyear coop program at Northeastern University.
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意，保证足够的时间才能保证大学教育的质量。
1．Which of the following can be the best title?
A. It’ s time to shorten the learning process
B. Best learning takes place over time
C. University education should be watered down
D. College education calls for reform
[解析] 主旨大意题。作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意，学好大学功课是需要付出时间的，故B项最佳。
[答案] B
2．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. most American universities are against the “threeyear degree” model
B. many famous US universities are considering adopting the “threeyear degree” model
C. professors are willing to accept the “threeyear degree” model
D. The “threeyear degree” model can make college learning more efficient
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Few US universities have formally approved a“threeyear degree”model可知几乎没有几所美国大学认可“三年本科学位”模式。
[答案] A
3．In most US universities，________.
A. college students are offered the coop program
B. electives’ credits make up one quarter of the required credits
C. all students are required to finish fouryear education before graduation
D. some excellent students can graduate ahead of time
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early可知特别优秀的大学生可以提前毕业。
[答案] D
4．We can infer that________.
A. the author is a college professor
B. the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to afford
C. the author considers the university education quality very important
D. the author pays special attention to the allround development of college students
[解析] 推理判断题。在第四段作者给出了自己的观点，从“A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major...”“It is not a good idea to water down education”等处可以看出作者非常看重大学教育质量。
[答案] C
5．The first paragraph serves as a(n)________．
A. explanation B. definition
C. introduction D. comment
[解析] 篇章结构题。本题要求学生推断文章的结构。根据第一段的内容可知第一段是用来引入话题的，故C项最佳。
[答案] C
I once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on “twohour business plans”. I separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. The more original their idea, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering(餐饮) service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult, I expressed my disappointment.
My students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from stateowned enterprises and global companies. They were not without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. The scene I just described came in different forms during my two years’ teaching at the school. Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review. Case study debates were written up and just memorized.Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.
In China，every product you can imagine has been made and sold. But so few welldeveloped marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.
With this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have been established. And then there’s the “thousandtalent scheme”： this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreigntrained scientists to the mainland with big money.But there are worries about China’s research environment. It’s hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.
At last, for China, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnerships with top Western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of welleducated people and telling them to think creatively. It’s about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It’s not that simple.
1. Why does the author feel disappointed at his students?
A. Because there is one group presenting a catering service.
B. Because the six groups made projects for restaurant chains.
C. Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.
D. Because the students’ ideas were lacking in creativeness.
[解析] 考查推理判断能力。根据第一段整体的信息作出判断和推理。
[答案] D
2. Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation?
A. Papers were often downloaded from the Internet.
B. Students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.
C. Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.
D. Case study debates were written up as well as recited.
[解析] 考查判断推理能力。第二段整体判断，特别是最后一句。
[答案] C
3. The underlined word “scheme” in the forth paragraph means________.
A. timetable B. theme
C. project D. policy
[解析] 考查猜词能力。第四段的第2句“this new government program”中this指代前面的“thousandtalent scheme”，而scheme和program为同义词，C中project为program同义词。
[答案] C
4. We can infer from the passage that________.
A. China can make and sell any product all over the world
B. high pay may not solve the problem of China’s research environment
C. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand
D. the new government program are aimed at encouraging imagination
[解析] 考查推理判断能力。文中没有直接表达出来，根据最后一句得出，“even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.”中this指的是China’s learning environment存在的问题即problem，也是指It’s hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness这个问题。
[答案] B
5. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Look for a New Way of Learning.
B. Reward Creative Thinking.
C. How to Become a Creator.
D. Establish a technical Environment.
[解析] 考查主旨判断题。从整体和最后一段判断，整篇文章是讲关于教育出现的问题——有了丰富的学习环境，及新的学习方法，才能有创造性的研究氛围。
[答案] A
We bet that on cold wintry days, many of you love to stay in your warm home and, every now and then，come out into the kitchen for a snack. Unfortunately, plenty of creepy-crawly critters (爬行生物) like to do the same thing!
Winter is the time when bugs (虫子) invade your house without an invitation. The season can be tough for such creatures. In winter the air is cold, the ground is hard and many trees have no leaves. So bugs do what they have to do to survive.
Monarch butterflies head south to warmer climates. Ants crowd in deep underground colonies and eat food they have been storing all year. Many insects go into a deep sleep called diapauses. There’ re different kinds of diapauses, but all are similar to hibernation, a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold. Insects go into an inactive period, too, but it often isn’ t when the temperature drops.
They rely on more dependable signals in the environment. For example, many insects can tell how much sunlight there’ s each day. They use that to tell themselves when to shut down. Bugs are cold-blooded, meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside. They can’ t move much when it gets below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. So they search for any warm place.
They’ re looking for protection. These guys have been doing this for 300 million years, so they don’ t really know they’ re coming into your house. The home is a recent event in terms of their evolutionary behavior. They enter through tiny cracks or come in unnoticed on your clothes or shoes. Remember that they may be invading your homes for warmth and food, but they don’t care about humans.
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍的是：为什么虫子在冬天会入侵人类住所。
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To point out that humans like to stay at home in winter.
B. To mean that humans and bugs have the same living habits.
C. To mean that bugs will invade humans’ houses for their winter.
D. To put forward the idea that bugs are not welcome in winter.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，虫子和人类一样，也会喜欢待在温暖的屋里，再结合文章的后面几段可知，本段暗示虫子在冬天会入侵人类住所。
[答案] C
2．According to the text, what is diapauses?
A. It is the same as the animals’ hibernation.
B. It often appears in warm areas all the year.
C. It is done to keep bugs active in winter.
D. It is a deep sleep similar to hibernation.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知答案为D。
[答案] D
3．What often decides bugs’ diapauses?
A. The lower local temperature.
B. The amount of sunlight.
C. Kinds of environmental signals.
D. The insects’ inside temperature.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“They rely on more dependable signals in the environment”可知，虫子的“diapauses”是由多种环境可依赖性因素决定的，不一定全靠温度或者光照。
[答案] C
4．According to the text, bugs invade humans’ homes to________.
A. attack humans
B. look for enough food
C. seek for protection
D. show their evolutionary results
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，虫子进屋是为了寻求保护，把自己置身于安全形势之下，而不仅仅是为了寻求食物。
[答案] C
5．What would be the best title for the text?
A. Bugs’ life on cold wintry days
B. Why do bugs invade your home in winter?
C. Good relations between humans and bugs
D. What does diapauses mean?
[解析] 标题概括题。整篇文章主要告诉读者的是：在冬天里，为什么虫子会入侵人类的住所。
[答案] B
[长难句解读] (1)There’re different kinds of diapauses，but all are similar to hibernation，a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold.
此句是but连接的并列复合句，but后的部分中a time是hibernation的同位语，而且后面接了when引导的定语从句。
(2)Bugs are cold-blooded，meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside.
句中的meaning相当于which means；meaning后接that引导的宾语从句，在此宾语从句中含有the same as结构。
Teenagers who drink alcohol are at higher risk of becoming victims of violence, a Cardiff University study has found.
A team from the School of Dentistry’ s Violence Research Group studied drinking habits in children aged 11 - 16 in England. They found not only a link between drink and violence but also that children who drank were more likely to be hit, even if they weren’ t violent themselves.
The researchers are now calling for measures to prevent alcohol misuse to reduce injury risk. Current policy focuses on reducing aggression but this research shows that there should be equal effort to reduce victimization.
More than 4,000 children were surveyed at 13 schools at four local authorities in the North, the Midlands, London, and the South. The study found that 25% of 11-year-olds were drinking monthly and 3.6% daily, with 12.8% admitting to getting drunk 3 to 5 times a year. By the age of 16, 40% were drinking weekly and 6.2% were drinking every day. The research also showed 22.6% of 16-year-olds were getting drunk more than 21 times a year.
The study, which has just been published in the Journal of Adolescence, found a strong link between frequency of drinking and frequency of hitting other people.
However, children who reported drinking monthly were also three times more likely to be hit. Adolescents who drank but didn’t get into fights were more likely to be hit than those who did fight.
Professor Jonathan Shepherd, who led the research, said a lot of previous alcohol-related violence work had focused on the offenders rather than the victims. His team is calling for more prevention work from parents and teachers in the first two years of secondary school by taking advantage of the “teachable moment”，that is, immediately after a student has missed school because of drunkenness.
Previous work by Professor Jonathan Shepherd has shown drinkers may be more at risk of violence because of reduced physical co-ordination, poor decision-making in threatening situations and isolation while out late at night.
He said, “This new study seems to be the first to show a direct link between alcohol misuse and victimization. There now needs to he much more effort put into reducing alcohol misuse in order to reduce injury.”
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了一项关于青少年酗酒的研究。该研究发现，酗酒的青少年更容易成为暴力的受害者。
1. The main idea of the passage is that teenagers who drink alcohol________.
A. often offend other people
B. often become injured
C. are more likely to become victims of violence
D. are more likely to fight with others
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Teenagers who drink alcohol are at higher risk of becoming victims of violence”可知答案为C。
[答案] C
2．The underlined word “aggression” in the third paragraph probably means “________”．
A. violence B. sad feelings
C. bad manners D. drunkenness
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据上下文尤其是本句后半句可知，aggression与victimization意思相反，所以aggression是“暴力行为”的意思。
[答案] A
3．The research argues that more effort should be made to________.
A. reduce aggression
B. prevent fighting
C. reduce victimization
D. prevent drinking alcohol
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句中的“this research shows that there should be equal effort to reduce victimization”可知答案为C。
[答案] C
4．Drinkers may be more at risk of violence because of all the following EXCEPT ________.
A. reduced physical co-ordination
B. isolation while out late at night
C. a higher frequency of hitting other people
D. poor decision-making in threatening situations
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知答案。
[答案] C
5．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Professor Shepherd’ s research?
A. The frequency of children getting drunk increases with age.
B. His previous alcohol-related violence work had focused on the offenders.
C. Some children missed school because of drunkenness.
D. This new study shows a direct link between alcohol misuse and victimization.
[解析] 细节理解题。B项偷换概念，原文为“a lot of previous alcohol-related violence work had focused on the offenders”，这些研究不一定就是这位教授以前的研究。
[答案] B
A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10. Researchers said it could explain why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity rates. The study of 8,179 people was reported in the British Medical Journal.
Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970, 366 of the participants said they were vegetarians — although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.
Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106, compared with 101 for non-vegetarians; while female vegetarians averaged 104, compared with 99 for non-vegetarians. There was no difference in the IQ scores, between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class, but it remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.
Vegetarians were more likely to be female, to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians. However, these differences were not reflected in their annual income, which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.
Lead researcher Catharine Gale said, “The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to report being vegetarians as adults, together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on heart health, may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease in adult life.
But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said，“It_ is_ like _the _chicken _and _egg. Do people become vegetarians because they have a very high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to be more aware of health issues？”
[语篇解读] 研究表明，素食和高智商有一定的关系。
1．What’ s the result of the research mentioned in the text?
A. Intelligent children are more likely to become vegetarians later in life.
B. Children with a higher IQ are less likely to have heart disease later in life.
C. Intelligent children tend to belong to higher social class later in life.
D. Children with a healthier heart tend to have a higher IQ later in life.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10”可知A项正确。根据“it could explain why...”可知这一结果可帮助解释B项中的现象，但B项并非这次研究的结果。故本题选A。
[答案] A
2．It was found in the research that________.
A. most of the participants became vegetarians 20 years after the IQ tests were carried out
B. vegetarians who ate fish or chicken were of similar intelligence with strict vegetarians
C. female vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians
D. vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken”可知答案。
[答案] B
3．Catharine Gale talked about “being vegetarians” in a(n)________way.
A. doubtful B. favorable
C. negative D. objective
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第六段可知Catharine Gale只是客观地讲述研究结果，并没有表示自己的立场。故选D项。
[答案] D
4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A. Intelligence is linked to not just being a vegetarian but to many factors.
B. The rate of getting heart disease is linked to your lifestyle.
C. The link between a high IQ and being a vegetarian is still uncertain.
D. The link between a healthy heart and diet remains to be proved.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章最后一句的意思是：人们成为素食者是因为他们智商高还是因为他们足够聪明而更注意健康问题？由此可见Dr Frankie Phillips认为素食和高智商的因果关系尚未明确，就像弄不清楚是因为有蛋才有鸡，还是因为有鸡才有蛋一样。故C项正确。
[答案] C
5．What’ s the best title for the text?
A. Get more IQ points!
B. Be a vegetarian, please!
C. Vegetarian diet cuts heart risk
D. A high IQ is linked to being a vegetarian
[解析] 标题概括题。本文介绍了一项研究结果：素食与高智商有关，故D项正确。作者并未提出建议，所以A、B两项错误；文章中虽然提到了心脏病，但不是文章的主旨，故C项错误。
[答案] D
[长难句解读] (1) A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10.
本句是含有定语从句的复合句。who were vegetarians by 30是定语从句，修饰先行词people。
(2)There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those是主句，who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken是定语从句，修饰先行词those。
Ed Viesturs grew up in Rockford, Illinois, where the tallest thing on the horizon was the water tower. But on Thursday, Viesturs became the only American to climb to the top of the world's 14 highest mountains.
His last hike was up Mount Annapurna, in Asia's snowcapped Himalayas. At 26,545 feet, its peak is the 10th highest in the world. It is the mountain that inspired him to start climbing.
"It tends to be the trickiest, the most dangerous," said Viesturs. "There's no simple way to climb it. There are threatening avalanches (雪崩) and ice falls that protect the mountain."
In high school, Viesturs read French climber Maurice Herzog's tale of climbing the icy Annapurna. Herzog's story was of frostbite (冻伤) and difficulty and near-death experiences. Viesturs was hooked right away.
Viesturs got his start on Washington's Mount Rainier in 1977, guiding hikes in the summer. Fifteen years ago, he set out to walk up to the world's highest peaks. Finally, he's done.
The pioneering climber talks about mountains as if they were living creatures that should be treated with respect. "You have to use all of your senses, all of your abilities to see if the mountain will let you climb it," said Viesturs. "If we have the patience and the respect, and if we're here at the right time, under the right circumstances, they allow us to go up, and allow us to come down."
What's next for a man who can't stop climbing? "I'm going to hug my wife and kids and kind of kick back and enjoy the summer," says Viesturs. But for a man who's climbed the world's 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off on yet another adventure.
1. What record has Ed Viesturs set?
A. He has succeeded in climbing to the world’s 14th highest mountain.
B. He has been to the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains.
C. He has become the first to climb to the height of 26,545feet.
D. He has become the first man to climb to the top of 14 highest mountains in the world.
2. The underlined word “hooked” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “______”.
A. frightened B. discouraged C. interested D. upset
3. The author used Viestures’ words in Paragraph 6 to support a view that ______.
A. mountain climbing is a dangerous sport
B. mountains should be regarded as living creatures
C. mountain climbing needs more skills than physical energy
D. those who like mountain climbing won’t stop climbing
4. What’s the next probably plan of Viestures?
A. Stopping climbing and staying with his family.
B. Climbing to the top of the world’s 14 tallest mountains again.
C. Climbing another one of the highest mountains.
D. Writing down the experiences about his adventure.
这是一篇人物类短文。本文介绍了登山之王Viesturs的登山成就。他是唯一已经成功地征服了14座世界最高峰的美国人。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句话“But on Thursday, Viesturs became the only American to climb to the world’s 14 highest mountains.”可知：Viesturs已经成功地征服了14座世界最高峰的美国人。
2. C 词义猜测题。根据上文介绍的Viesturs的登山成就推测，hooked意为“感兴趣的”。如果是“被吓倒、泄气或不安”，就不可能取得那么辉煌的成就，显然，这几项不符文意。
3. B 段落主旨题。此段首句“The pioneering climber talks about mountains as if they were living creatures that should be treated with respect.”就是本段的主题，下文Viesturs所说的话是用来说明这一主题的。
4. C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“But for a man who’s climbed the world’s 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off on yet another adventure”可得答案。