II阅读 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal.
One of their chief duties is to give their children a sense of personal worth, for self-esteem is the basis of a good mental health. A youngster who is often made to feel stupid, often compared to brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins, will not feel confident and become so afraid of failing, that he (or she) won’t try at all. Of course, they should be corrected when they do wrong; this is the way children learn. But the criticisms should be balanced with praises.
Parents owe their children firm guidance and consistent discipline. It is frightening for a youngster to feel that he is in charge of himself; it’s like being in a car without brakes. The parent who says “Yes” sends a double message. He is also saying “I love you, and I am ready to risk your anger, because I don’t want you to get in trouble.”
Parents owe their children a comfortable feeling about their body, and enough information about sex to balance the wrong information that they will surely receive from their friends.
Parents owe their children privacy and respect for their personal things. This means not borrowing things without being permitted, not reading diaries and mail, not looking through pockets. If a mother feels that she must read her daughter’s dairies to know what is gong on, the communication between them must be pretty bad.
Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others; it means respecting elders, teachers, and the law. The best way to teach such values is by example. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees his parents steal tools from the factory or towels from a hotel will think that it is all right to steal. A youngster who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have a difficult time laughing and loving.
No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something. And if you give him his due, he’ll have something of value to pass along to your grandchildren.
26. According to the passage, parents owe their children the following things except __________
A.
C. respect of self
27. The writer thinks that teenagers are frightened when they are in charge of themselves because__________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
28. Which of the following ways is advised for parents to show love to their children?
A.
B.
C.
D.
29. The word “due” in the last paragraph means____________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
30. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Parents prefer to let their children be in charge of their own lives at an early age.
B.Children learn much by seeing what their parents do.
C.Children shouldn’t be corrected because it destroys their self-esteem.
D.It is better to compare a youngster to his brighter brothers because it makes him try harder.
B
It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:
I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice” isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it.
Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.
Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market.
What will someone else pay for your services?
Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
31. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
32. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?
A.
B.
C.
D.
33. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
34. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
35. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
C
Drunken driving, sometimes called America’s socially accepted form of murder, has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 350,000 over the past decade.
A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American alcohol image and judges were merciful in most courts, but the drunken slaughter(屠杀) has recently caused so many well publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960’s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18 to 20-year -old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.
Reformers, however, fear that raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.
Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in severe accidents and deaths. Some states are also punishing bars for serving customers too many drinks.
As the severe accidents and deaths continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13-year national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the “noble experiment”. They forget that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption(腐败) and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.
36. Which of the following best concludes the main idea of this passage?
A. Drunken driving has caused numerous severe accidents and deaths in the United States.
B. It is recommendable to prohibit alcohol drinking around the United States.
C. The American society is trying hard to prevent drunken driving.
D. Drunken driving has become a national epidemic in the United States.
37. Which of the following four drivers can be defined as an illegal driver?
A. A 16-year-old boy who drank a glass of wine three hours ago.
B. An old lady who took four shots of whisky in yesterday’s party.
C. A policeman who likes alcohol very much.
D. A pregnant woman who drank a beer an hour ago.
38. Reformers seem to suggest the most effective way to stop youngsters from drinking alcohol is __________.
A. to raise the legal drinking age from 18 to 21
B. to force teenagers to obey disciplines
C. to develop young people’s sense of responsibility
D. to press teenagers to take soft drinks
39. The rule that only people above 21 years of age can drink_____________.
A. is a new law promoted by the twenty states
B. had been once adopted before the 1960’s
C. has been carried out since the prohibition of alcohol
D. will be carried out all over the country
40. What is the author’s attitude toward all the laws against drunken driving?
A. Optimistic.
C. Indifferent.
D
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses , each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread to period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to future employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and stress of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and will be of benefit to him later in his career.
41. Normally a student would at least attend________ classes each week.
A) 36
42. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed__________.
A) to live in a different university
B) to take a particular course in a different university
C) to live at home and drive to school
D) to get two degrees from two different universities
43. American university students are usually under pressure of work because_________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
44. Some students are enthusiastic for position in student organizations probably because_____.
A)
B)
C)
D)
45. The student organizations seem to be effective in _________.
A)
B)
C)
D)