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英语阅读理解题常见干扰方法例析

来源：网络
发布时间：2013-05-05 13:45:00
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四、故意夸张法

此种干扰方法常见于说明文的备选选项中，即在介绍科学实验或新科研成果时，把可能当作现实，把可能出现的问题设置为已经出现的问题，把未然当作已然。

例如:This week,Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells trom a deadfemale panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.

The entire procedure could take from 3 to 5 years to complete,with only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species.

The best title for the passage may be_____

A. China's Success in Pandas Cloning

B. The First Cloned Panda in the world

C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas

D. China--the Native Place of Pandas Forever

解析：此题答案为C。干扰项A运用了“故意夸张法”，它的干扰因素就是把可能当作现实，把克隆熊猫的可能性理解为已经成功地克隆了熊猫。文中所用的“They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal和…China is desperately try toclone...”都是进行时，而不是已经完成了的动作。

五、偷换概念法

此种干扰方法是在对原文进行同义转换或解释的过程中，通过改变一些词汇或表达方法，使改变后的意思与原文意思发生微妙或较大的改变。

例如:Who first conceived the idea of the Festival of Hong Kong?To whom did he propose?How did he convince others of the feasibility of such a festival?How was the Festival told to the people of the　"Pearl of the Orient"? Put it in another way:What purpose did the Festival serve?

The purpose, as stated in the newspaper was a double one:to give Hong Kong people a sense of security after the disturbance of 1967 and to make young people and working people aware of the need for a bit of fun and enjoyment in the grinding work of their daily lives.

The purpose of the Festival of Hong Kong is________.

A. to furnish newspaper with news

B. to attract tourists from abroad

C. to provide relief for the workers

D. to enable people to realize that life is notall work

解析：此题答案为D。选项C采用了“偷换概念”的干扰方法。原文“The purpose is to make young people and working people aware of the need for a bit of fun and enjoyment"而干扰项C把原文中的working people偷换成workers，使范围缩小，表达不准确。

六、扩缩范围法

英语文章为了表达的准确、严密，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上almost all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等词对文意加以限制，“扩缩范围”干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中范围、程度、色彩等改变，从而导致错误。

例如：In some mails，people can see a doctoror a dentist and even attend church.In other words，people can do just about everything in malls.Now residents can actually live in their favourite shopping center.

Why have malls become so popular?

A.Because people can do everything there.

B.Because people can do many others things besides shopping for all they need.

C.Because people feel safe in malls with police stations around.

D.Because people enjoy the flesh air and can have a good rest there.

解析：此题答案为B，干扰项A运用了“扩缩范围法”通过去掉原文中的限制词“about”，将文意发生改变，扩大了范围，使表现绝对化。

综上所述，阅读理解干扰项设置有一定的规律可循，如果做题时能够把握干扰的特点，准确捕捉选项的错误信息点，或不合题目要求的信息点，必将起到事半功倍的作用，提高理解的准确率。

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