有关社会变迁的阅读练习

内容概要：本文介绍了产生社会变革的几种因素。在不同种类的人混杂在一起的社会里，变革较快，而在各方面都相似的人聚集在一起的社会里，变革则较慢。在社会内部，物质文化方面比非物质文化方面，更有可能产生社会变革。
31. 【答案】D
 【译文】根据短文得知，除了不同的条件，以下三个因素都可以促进社会变革。
 【试题分析】细节题。一误三正，通过题干回到文章中找相对应的句子，便可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章中第一段All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. 可以判断促使社会变革的因素出现在该句子前面：Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of
different kinds of people（答案A） than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest (答案C), and more groups and organizations with different beliefs (答案B). In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. 这里提到了different kinds of people（答案A）
，different beliefs(答案B)，more disagreements in interest (答案C)，所以答案为D。
32. 【答案】A
 【译文】根据短文得知，greater tolerance指的是对不同的信仰和行为的尊重。
 【试题分析】词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章中的tolerance一词，该词常用来表示“忍受，容忍”，结合上文：There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies，此处的tolerance指的是对more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs的容忍，即尊重，所以答案为A。
33. 【答案】C
 【译文】根据短文得知，在社会内部，技术方面的变化比价值方面的变化更有可能发生。
 【试题分析】细节题。一正三误，通过选项回到文章里找相对应的句子，便可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章第二段：Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values（答案A不对）; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early（答案B不对）; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite（答案C对）; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements（答案D不对）。所以答案为C。
34. 【答案】A
 【译文】根据短文得知，社会变革如果一步一步进行的话，则容易一些。
 【试题分析】词义题。通过对gradual的理解，便可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章第三段第一句social change is easier if it is gradual.gradual与step by step近义。所以答案为A。
35. 【答案】B
 【译文】根据短文得知，文章主要讨论有些因素决定了社会变革的产生。
 【试题分析】主旨大意题。通过文章的主题句以及各段落的主题句可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章每一段的主题句（Para.1）Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. (Para.2) Within a society , social
change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in....(Para. 3) Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual，每个主题句里都含有social change，所以答案为B。