三、英语长句的分析方法:去枝叶,留主干
1)划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;
2)划出所有介词短语(位于be动词后的除外)
3)名词性从句看作一个整体找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;
4)非谓语动词结构看作一个整体;
5)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构;
6)分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
四、长难句分析的步骤举例:
经典例题
In Africa I met a boy,who was crying as if his heart would break and said,when I spoke to him,that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.
分析:
第一,划出定语从句和状语从句:/who was crying /as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him,that he was hungry /because he had had no food for two days.
第二,划出介词短语:In Africa
第三:把that引导的名词性从句看作一个整体:that he was hungry
第四,句子的结构分析:
(1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语:I met a boy…;
(2)who引导的定语从句中,was crying是第一个谓语,后面是状语从句“as if his heart would break”,修饰crying,第二个谓语是said, 后面是状语从句“when I spoke to him”,修饰said, “that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.”是孕含有一个原因状语从句(because he had had no food for two days.)的宾语从句,整体上作said的宾语。难点部分的处理:“crying as if his heart would break”应译为“哭得伤心极了”。
译文:在非洲,我遇到一个小孩,他哭得伤心极了,我问他时,他说他饿了,因为已经两天没有吃饭了。
背诵长句子的方法:先背句子的框架,再添加次要成分。例如,我们先可以把In Africa I met a boy,who was crying and said that he was hungry.背下来,一般来讲,大家读两到三遍都能背过。再添加as if his heart would break /when I spoke to him,/because he had had no food for two days.到适当的位置,就可以把这个句子背下来了。