识别高考阅读理解干扰项的七大法宝

『个案解析』：D项为集合项，覆盖了A/B/C三项内容，是正确答案。根据最后一句“南极被大西洋、太平洋和印度洋活水域所环绕，”答案就应该是D项。再如：

In his eagerness to make money from trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And besides, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.

47. Why do forests in many parts of the world slowly disappear?

A. New trees are not looked after properly

B. Many trees have been cut down by man

C. Man has not paid enough attention to planting trees

D. All of the above

『个案解析』：答案为D，因为它是集合项，它集合了A、B、C三选项内容。此题属细节事实题型，根据题干与选项的关键词我们可以直接在原文中定位到正确答案就是D。

7．因果项原则

阅读理解逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题型的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理过头（止于后果），这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。

No one should be forced to wear a uniform. Uniforms are totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniform tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual, that is, the individual in a uniform loses self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a sense of identification with a more important concept. But in fact, the individual himself is the most important, if an organization is so weak that it must rely on the uniform to inspire it members, that organization has not right to continue its existence. On the other hand, uniforms also hurt the economy.

Q: The author’s main purpose in writing this paragraph is to______.

A. show that uniform are possible in a democratic society

B. advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms

C. convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages

D. advocate doing away with uniforms

『个案解析』：答案为C，综合分析四个选项，我们会发现C与B、D项互为因果项，也就是说，因为C：制服的弊大于利，所以B：呼吁政府采取措施控制穿制服，或D呼吁废除制服。根据因果项原则，一个原因对应了两个结果，答案应该选原因项C。本题是主旨题，根据原文，本段主要是列出制服的弊端，说明制服弊大于利。B、D项为干扰项，属于推理过头。

识别高考阅读理解干扰项的七大法宝.doc