(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。如:
[例21] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
解析:因句中已有谓语will have to work,所以complete应为非谓语动词;因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填To complete。
[例22] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33 (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)
解析:因在形容词likely后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填to succeed。
3)作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词。
[例23] He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年东莞一模)
解析:句中已有谓语saw,所给动词与saw不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因He与say是主动关系,故填saying作伴随状语。
[例24] The headmaster went into the lab, ________ (follow) by the foreign guests.
解析:句中已有谓语went,而follow又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词;又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系,故用过去分词作伴随状语。
(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式,是被动关系用—ed形式。
[例25] There will be a meeting, __40__ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年广州二模)
解析:因a meeting与start是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明a meeting,故填starting。
[例26] Lessons 39 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)
解析:因句中已有谓语can help,所以learn应为非谓语动词;又因lesson与learn是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填learned。
特别提醒:有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词,而是要求词类转换。如:
But Jane knew from past experience that her ___36___ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009年广东)
分析:括号中所给词choose虽然是动词,但在句中作主语,且在形容词性物主代词后,应当填choose的名词形式choice。
3)词类转换题根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。
①作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。如:
[例27] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
解析:因在系动词felt后作表语,用形容词,故填silent。
[例28] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…
解析:在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词,作定语,故填dangerous。
例29] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject.
解析:因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语,用形容词;表示“感兴趣”,填interested。
例29] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject.
解析:因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语,用形容词;表示“感兴趣”,填interested。
②作主语,或在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。
[例30] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
解析:在时间状语从句中,要求填的词作主语,China’s ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语;作主语要用名词,又由are可知,主语是复数,故填achievements。