定语从句易错点
来源:高中英语教学交流
发布时间:2009-12-01 09:10:00
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一、 成分重复
误: The factory where we worked there last year was built in 1968.
正: The factory where we worked last year was built in 1968.
解析: 注意定语从句的关系词在从句中必定要充当某一成分。误句中的关系副词where在从句中作状语用,意味:“在那工厂”,再用there作状语就重复了,因此必须删去there。又例如:Who is the man ( that ) you talked to him just now?应改为Who is the man that you talked to just now? (that在从句中作宾语用,意味“那个人”,此时him是多余的。)
二、 关系词用错类
误: This is the right bookstore where we are looking for.
正: This is the right bookstore which we are looking for.
解析: 要弄清各个关系词在从句中所充当的成分。误句中的关系词应指bookstore, 在从句中作look for的宾语,而where在从句中只能作状语,因而是错误的。故关系副词where应改为关系代词which。又如:This is the boy whom was praised by Mr. Jack yesterday.应改为This is the boy who was praised by Mr. Jack yesterday. (关系代词在从句中作主语用,因此应把whom改为who。)
三、 主谓矛盾类
误: Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Xiao Hong?
正: Can you show me the book which has been translated into English by Xiao Hong?
解析: 在定语从句中,当关系词为主语时,从句中的谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致,而不是与主句的主语保持一致。故应将have been translated改为has been translated。
四、 缺关系代词类
误: The man is giving a report in our school is a scientist.
正: The man who is giving a report in our school is a scientist.
解析: 犯这类错误有两个原因:一是受汉语的影响,把英语和汉语结构等同起来;二是没有弄清关系词在定语从句中作主语用时不能省略。应把做主语的关系代词who补起来。
五、 漏掉介词类
误: The woman whom I went to the concert is a singer.
正: The woman with whom I went to the concert is a singer.
解析: 该句的汉语意思是:“和我一起 去参加音乐会的那个妇女是位歌唱家。”根据句义,定语从句中的关系代词whom应作介词with的宾语用。如果漏掉介词with,则关系代词whom就无寄托,句意也不通。这是中学生常犯的错误,必须引起高度重视。又如:The man whom I talked to you lives upstairs.应改为The man about whom I talked to you about lives upstairs. (whom作about的宾语用, 故about不能漏掉。)
六、 词语错位类
误: The room in that she lives is a large one.
正: The room that she lives in is a large one.
解析: 在定语从句中,介词不能置于关系代词that 之前。当介词放在从句后面时,that可以用,也可以省略。例如:This is the question that we have had so much discussion about. 注意,含有介词的短语动词一般不可拆开。不能说The book for which he is looking was given by my brother. 而应说: The book which he is looking for was given by my brother. 当然,在一般情况下,定语从句的关系代词which和whom作介词的宾语时,介词是可以置于which和whom之前的。例如:Do you know the comrade to whom she was talking? The tool with which he is working is called a saw.
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