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阅读理解细节概括题和细节推断题

来源：百试乐微信公众号
发布时间：2017-11-29 20:18:00
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二、细节推断题

 [例4]（2015年全国Ⅰ卷）

A cafe society where no intellectualizing（高谈阔论） is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself：It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.

33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?

A. They are less frequently visited.

B. They stay open for longer hours.

C. They have bigger night crowds.

D. They start to serve fast food.

解析：本题问“法国生活方式的变化如何影响咖啡馆？”由题干中的French lifestyle 可将答题信息定位到：Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home，即“这些年来, 巴黎的咖啡馆已经沦为法国生活方式变化的受害者——工作时间更长、快餐迅速发展，以及年轻人渴望在家里度过更多时间。”由此可以推断出：人们来咖啡馆的次数减少了。故选A项。

选项B“他们营业的时间更长”在文中没有信息点支撑，属无中生有。

选项C“夜间来的人更多”与“工作时间更长”“年轻人更希望在家里呆更多时间”的事实恰恰相反。属是非颠倒。

选项D“他们供应快餐”，是对a fast-food boom的曲解，是命题人利用文中只言片语来迷感考生的。属断章取义。

[例5]（2016年全国Ⅰ卷）

Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?

A. Make decisions in the best interests’ of their own.

B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.

C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.

D. Get to know themselves better.

解析：首句“搬去同儿孙一起住并不适合每一个爷辈的人。”这就意味着“爷辈不要轻易决定，搬还是不搬需要根据具体情况而定”。再看下文：几乎每一个爷辈的人，都想与他或她的孙辈在一起，愿意为他们做出牺牲；但有时候，不跟他们住在一起而是经常走访他们，更为明智。让孙辈离开得很远很难，特别是知道你成年的儿辈正在努力奋斗时，但是放弃你熟悉的生活也许更难。由两个比较级“更明智”“更难”可推断，作者在暗示爷辈搬或不搬要根据自身的最大利益来决定，故选A项。

选项B建议爷辈“叫他们的孩子多去看望他们（爷辈）”与文中所说“不搬去同儿孙住而是经常去看望（儿孙）”恰恰反了过来。属是非颠倒。

选项C建议爷辈“为正在奋斗的孩子做出牺牲”；作者在文中所述“几乎每一个爷辈的人都愿意为孩子做出牺牲”是客观事实，而非作者的意图。属张冠李戴。

选项D建议爷辈“更好地了解自己”，文中没有信息点支撑，属无中生有。

[例5]（2015年全国Ⅱ卷）

But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students （NUS）, argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15, 000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods, ”he said.

11. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?

A. He’s puzzled.

B. He’s worried.

C. He’s surprised.

D. He’s annoyed.

解析：本题问Owain James对间隔年现象的感受如何。首先由Owain James在文中找到答题相关信息段落。由首句“但并不是每个人都（对间隔年现象）持乐观态度。” Owain James是作者所举的一个例子。他不感到乐观而是感到什么呢？他认为“学生困难的证据在增加——年轻人在完成学业之前被迫赚钱。”“学生意识到在大学毕业前要负高达一万五千黄英镑的债务。”由“被迫”“高额债务”可推断出，Owain James感到“担忧”，故选B项。

选项A“感到迷感”，选项C“感到惊讶”，与事实不符，因为Owain James明白大学生修间隔年的原因。选项D“感到恼怒”，这不至于吧，有点推断过度了。

选自《广东教育（高中）》杂志2017年第11期

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