阅读测试题的编写技巧 

议论以摆事实、讲道理为主要手段，解释一定现象之所以产生或消亡，一定事理之所以正确或谬误，回答其“为什么”为主要任务的表达方式。它是以逻辑思维为主的一种表述方式。完整的议论，包括论点、论据、论证三个组成部分。论点是文章提出并加以论证的见解、主张或观点，是作者的立场。任何文章，不论长短，都必须有论点。论据是议论的根据，它是用来证明论点的真实性、正确性的事实和道理。

论点论据试题的命题特点

论点论据试题主要测试考生是否把握了作者在某方面的观点，从标志来看，题干中多出现单词the author，the writer这样的单词。例如：

（1）       The author holds that ________.

（2）       According to the author, modern society _________.

（3）       According to the author communication between human beings would be smoother if ______.

（4）       According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, _______.

（5）       According to the author, recent Olympic Games have________.

（6）       The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show_______.

（7）       By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is______.

（8）       To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should_______.

（9）       What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?

（10）   According to the author, the American economic situation is _______.

7、文章结构试题

       任何文章都不是单词的简单堆砌，而是一个有机的整体。句子和句子之间都有一定的逻辑关系，比如举例关系、定义关系、因果关系、对比关系、排列关系（排比句）、重述关系、比较关系等，我们只有把两三个句子放在一起去读，才能把握文章的上下文关系，才能达到既能准确理解句子含义，又能猜测生词的目的。

结构试题的命题方式

这类试题主要测试以下两个方面：

1）  下文之间或段落之间逻辑关系的把握和理解；

2）  句子之间指代关系的把握和理解。

此类试题常见的命题方式有：

（1） The author develops the thesis by ________.

（2） Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?

（3） Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole text?

（4） In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.

（5） The paragraph preceding this one probably discusses ________.

（6） The paragraph following this one probably discusses ________.

（7） In Line X, the word “it” can be substituted by ________.

（8） The word “they” (Line X, Para. Y) could best be replaced by ________.

8、概念性试题

       概念性含义试考查考生对一个词组或一个句子落意思的把握情况。概念性试题的出现频率不如主旨题、细节题、词汇题、态度题、推理题那么高，但相比之下，得分的可能性却要高一些，因为做题时，我们可以准确找到原文出处，加上它测试的范围不是很大，考生只要读懂它所在的那段文字就可以了。

概念性含义试题的命题方式

编制试题时，命题人员一般以动词mean和imply为中心编写概念性含义试题的题干。我们下面看看历年研究生试题中的此类试题：

（1）What did the manager mean by saying, “Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished” ?

（2）By “good sense”, the writer means________.

（3）What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?

（4）In Line 11, Para 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means________.

（5）By the first sentence of the passage the author means that_________. 

（6）What do the elders mean when they say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”？

（7）When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means _______ .

(8) The sentence “This is no flash in the pan” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that _______.

(9) “Juggling one’s life” probably, means living a life characterized by _________.

(10) The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.