【范文欣赏】(2009湖北)
Hi! Tom,
Nice to read your e-mail today. I notice you’ve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly.
However, I’m afraid there is one mistake ① I’d like to point out. It is “无所不为”. This idiom means “do all kinds of bad things”. Are you doing all kinds of bad things at home? I guess what you were really trying to say is that you’ve got nothing to do these days. In that case, you should use “无所事事”. We usually use “无所不为” to express the idea that people dare to do anything bad, and “无所事事” to describe the situation ② people have got nothing meaningful to do. Have I made myself clear?
Anyway, I’m amazed at the progress ③ you’ve made.
Hope you’ll find a job soon.
Huahua
【范文点评】该范文中恰如其分地使用了三个定语从句，分别修饰mistake, situation和progress，从而满足了高考书面表达评分标准中“尽力使用较复杂结构”这一需要，给文章增添了亮色，给读者留下了深刻印象。你知道范文空格处应填什么词吗？如果你对定语从句很熟悉了，应很容易就填出来：① that / which；② in which / where；③ that / which。另外注意：①和③由于是在定语从句中作宾语，所以可以省略关系词。
【思考与总结】
在高考英语书面表达评分标准第五档（25-30分）中有两条具体要求：应用较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。从该标准中可以看出提高书面表达档次，增加语言亮点的主要途径之一是使用复杂结构，而定语从句就是复杂结构中的重要一项。因此，在写作中巧妙地运用定语从句可为我们的文章“增光添彩”。
一、定语从句的基本功能
You are facing a problem. The problem is common among our teenagers.
→The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers. (2009陕西)
从上面例句可以看出，定语从句把两个简单句有机地整合为一个复合句，从而使句子形式更加紧凑，表意更加准确。
二、书面表达中定语从句的常用形式
1. 由关系代词引导的定语从句
1) 由who, whom引导的定语从句。如：
In my opinion, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis. (2007海南)
2) 由which或that引导的定语从句。如：
① I have taken with me the two books (that) you asked me to return to the City Library. (2009全国I)
② We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and free of charge. (2007全国II)
3) 由as引导的非限制性定语从句。如：
As can be seen in the picture, most of the students are wearing glasses. (2007天津)
4) 由which引导的非限制性定语从句，有总结、点评上文的作用，可转化为非谓语动词的形式。如：
In his little time, he was always eager to know how things worked, which helped (= helping) him to earn the nickname “the Wizard of Meio Park”. (2008湖南)
5) 介词或“介词短语 + whom / which”引导的定语从句。如：
I’d like to wish her a happy birthday and to express my thanks to you for your hard work, because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy life in the US. (2008海南)
2. 由关系副词where引导的定语从句
Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to theatres and teahouses where (= in which) you can experience a truly Chinese way of life. (2009 全国II)
【写作训练营】 用定语从句翻译下面的句子。
1. 众所周知，蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物。
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2. 你在学校门口碰见的人是我们的老师。
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3. 我认为你推荐的那本书很值得买。
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4. 我不认识那个小女孩。她的哥哥是一名医生。
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