[写作指导] 高考英语四层写作阶梯—层级二吸引眼球的定语从句

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定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。

一、定语从句的写法

定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：

【示例】

第一步：写出两个简单句。

①The foreigner is from Canada.

②He visited our class yesterday.

第二步：在句①中找出一处要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。

第三步：用句②充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。

The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.

【即时演练】

用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句

1．This is the best method. It can be used against pollution.

→This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.

2．Ive always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then.

→Ive_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.

3．I will go on a trip to Sichuan. There are a great number of places of interest in Sichuan.

→I will go on a trip to Sichuan, where there are a great number of places of interest.

4．I have a friend. Her father is an engineer.

→I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.

5．Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers. Two of them influenced me greatly.

→Through_the_course_of_my_schooling,_I_met_many_teachers,_two_of_whom_influenced_me_greatly.

二、定语从句的常用句型

1．As we all know .../As is known to all ... “众所周知……”

As we all know/As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。

2．As sb. puts it ... “按照某人所说的……”

As he often puts it, university education determines ones future.

按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的命运。

3．such ... as ... “像……这样的；诸如此类的……”

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.

我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。

4．the same ... as .../the same as ... “像……一样的”

Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same as she had always been.

她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。

5．(the only) one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句“……中(唯一)的一个”

As far as I know, your sister is one of the students who have passed the exam.

据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。

【即时演练】　补全句子

1．(2015·福建高考满分作文)我们大家都知道，这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。

As_we_all_know,_the picture tells a story of ancient China.

2．那些对世界做出重大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。

Such people as_have_made_great_contributions_to_the_world should be greatly respected.

3．长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名建筑之一。

The Great Wall is one_of_the_worldfamous_buildings_that_attract lots of visitors.

三、定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况

1．误用关系词

①误：I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.

正：I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.

②误：I have a friend, whos name is Liu Mei.

正：I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei.

2．句子成分残缺

①误：There were many students took part in the English competition.

正：There were many students who took part in the English competition.

②误：The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows.

正：The last one who leaves the classroom please close the windows.

3．有多余的代词或副词

①误：As can be seen from the picture, that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.

正：As can be seen from the picture, a sad boy stands between his angry parents.

②误：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood.

正：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood.

4．混淆定语从句与并列句

①误：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to peoples health.

正：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to peoples health.

②误：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didnt help.

正：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didnt help.

【即时演练】　单句改错

1．There are three people in my family and Im the only one child, who is very common in Chinese families.who→which

2．Travelling abroad, you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.去掉where或where→which/that

3．Remember, you can take the contest in China Daily newspaper, that is very popular among high school students.that→which

4．I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store.that→which

5．When you read the book, youd better make a mark that you have a question.that→where

6．On the third floor there are two rooms, one of them is used as a meeting room.them→which

7．The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days.which→where或在which前加in

8．I gave that boy so difficult a math problem which he couldnt work out.which→as

【课时提能训练】

Ⅰ.用定语从句补全句子

1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。

We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which_were_written in the Tang Dynasty.

2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)等考试结束后，我们都有时间的时候，六月的最后一个周日怎么样？

How about the last Sunday of June, when_the_examination_is_over_and_we_are_free?

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)我无法遵守承诺是因为我叔叔马上要出国深造了。

The reason why_I_cant_keep_my_word is that my uncle will go abroad for further study soon.

4．(2016·四川)一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。

There are four seasons in a year, each_of_which_has_distinctive_features.

5．(2015·陕西)作为一名外向的学生，我善于同其他人交往，这使我对这个职位感到自信。

As an outgoing student, I am good at communicating with others,which_makes_me_feel_confident_about_this_position.

6．(2014·重庆)我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，他们会帮我们渡过难关。

As_we_all_know,_our friends will lend us a helping hand when we need help and they will help us get through difficult situations.

Ⅱ.请根据以下要点写一封申请信，尽可能多地使用定语从句

假定你是李华，你校广播站正在招收英文编辑，请你根据以下提示，向负责此事的外教Mr.Mark申请这一职位。内容包括：

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考范文：

Dear Mr. Mark,

Im writing to apply to be an English editor of the broadcasting station of our school, which I am wild about all the time.

Im qualified for the position that/which is based on the following reasons.First, I meet your requirements for the position well.That is, I have a good command of English communication skills.Besides, I am concerned a lot about current affairs and take great interest in journalism.Second, I was a parttime reporter when I was in junior middle school, which developed my communication and interpersonal skills.In addition, my father is a professional editor, by whom I was deeply influenced from an early age and from whom I learned a lot.Therefore, I am eager to get the position and I really hope I will be given the honor to be one of you.

Looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

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