-ly 副词与其同源副词的用法区别

-ly 副词与其同源副词的用法区别

有不同过去分词形式之动词的过去分词的区别

英语 -ly 副词与其同源副词的用法比较

（一）hard, hardly; late, lately; most, mostly等, 这两种副词形式含义完全不同, 所以, 使用时不易引起混淆。

1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活。

He hardly works at all.他很少干活。

2.You have come too late.你来得太晚了。

Have you seen him lately? 你最近见到过他吗?

3.The person who talks most is often the one who does least.说得最多的人常常干得最少。

The audience consisted mostly of women.观众大部分是女的。

（二） 这类词主要有wide, widely; close, closely; high, highly等等, 这两种副词形式不同, 含义也有差别, 但是没有第一类的区别明显, 而且翻译成汉语时用词也很接近。所以使用时很容易混淆。

1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?

你是否看见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞着?

The distinguished guests were highly praised.

贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。

2.He flung the door wide open.

她猛地把门开得大大的。

We were widely different on many questions.

我们在许多问题上那个分歧很大。

3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.

买那个望远镜你得付很高的价钱。

You will pay dearly for the insult.

对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价。

4.She stood close against the wall.

他紧挨着墙站着。

The police were watching him closely.

警察在密切监视他。

（三）这类词主要有slow, slowly; quick, quickly等等异形同义词

用作比较级获最高级时:

1. Allen was walking quickly, but George was walking even quicker.

艾伦走得很快, 但乔治走得更快。

2. The men were quarreling loudly, but the policemen shouted louder.

那些人在大声争吵但是警察喊叫得更响。

3. The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still.

汽车走得越来越慢, 最后停了下来。

4. Let’s see who can run quickest.

我们来看看谁跑得最快。

5. We must look closer at the problem.

我们必须更加仔细的查看这些问题。

有so或too修饰时

1. It all happened so quick that I could do nothing.

这一切发生得如此之快以致我手足无措无法对付了。

2. It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes too slow.

不可能赶上他了，你的车太慢了。

3. Don’ t talk so loud; the child is in bed now.

别这样大声说话，孩子已经睡了。

4. The music sounds too noisy to be classical.

这首曲子听起来太吵，不是古典的。

5. He had an accident because he was driving too fast.

由于开得太快，他发生了交通事故。

修饰表示“移动、天气状况”等常用动词时

1. Come quick; we are waiting for you.

快来，我们在等你。

2. Drive slow; this part of the road is dangerous.

车开慢一点，这段路很危险。

3. The sun shines bright.

阳光明媚。

4. When we left the shelter, the snow was falling thick and the wind was blowing cold.

我们离开那棚屋时，正下着大雪，刮着寒风。

5. Business is going strong.

生意兴隆。

在固定词组中或用于修饰它经常固定搭配的动词时

1. Take it easy. 不要紧张。

2. Stand firm and hold it tight. 站稳抓牢。

3. He often plays high.  他赌注常下得很大。

4. The secretary copied the rough draft of her manager out fair.

秘书把经理那份潦草的草稿很清楚地誊写出来。

5. They were drinking deep in the fort deep into the night.

他们在城堡中痛饮到深夜。

至于口语中的“Speak loudly and clearly.”和“Speak loud and clear.”，无太大区别, 前一句较规范，后一句口语化。

两种形式的过去分词的不同用法

在英语中，有些动词的过去分词有两种形式大多数地用法上没有区别，如smell，dream，get，show 和 spell 等 但其中有些用法不同，如 drink，strike，sink，lie，hang，light，learn，bear 和burn 等 他们的区别表现在以下几个方面：

一 功能不同

A. drink 的过去分词有 drunk 和drunken drunk多用于完成时和被动形式，也用作表语； drunken是形容词，多作定语 如：

Be drunk with joy 欣喜若狂； to get drunk醉酒； a drunken sailor 醉酒的水兵

He has drunk a lot of wine. 他喝了很多酒

He was a drunken man. 他是个醉汉

B. strike的过去分词有struck和stricken，struck 多用于完成时和被动语态，指实际的一般的打击撞击刺激，如：

They were struck by lightning

他们遭雷打了

I was struck with a wonderful idea

我忽然间想起了一个很好的主意

stricken 作形容词用，只用于借喻性的

打击 ，用于负面场合，较 struck 富感情色

彩，又多用于正式场合 如：

The people in the village are stricken with poverty

村民受尽穷困的折磨

C. sink 的过去分词有 sunk 和 sunken

sunk既可以用于完成时，也可以用于定语和表语；sunken 多作定语 如：

The girl’s eyes have sunken.

那女孩眼睛凹下去了

The ship was sunk by a wave.

船被海浪淹没了

He was sunk in thought.

他陷入沉思

I met an old woman with sunk cheeks.

我遇见一位双颊凹陷的老妇人

They tried to lift a sunk ship.

他们试图捞上一只沉船

二 用法不同

A. learn 有两个过去分词， learned 和learnt 如：

She has learned/learnt5000English words.

她已经学了5000 千个英语单词

learned 还可以作形容词作定语，意为有学问的 ，如：

He was a learned teacher.

他是一位有学问的老师

B. bear的过去分词是born和borne born

一般都用于被动，表示 出生 常用于be

born结构； borne意思是 生出 ，主语都是母亲或者雌性动物 如：

She has borne many children.

她生了好几个孩子

Ten children are born in this hospital everyday.

这所医院每天有十个孩子出生

Lucy was born in 1967.

露西出生在 1967年

He was a born actress.

他是一个天生的演员

C. burn 的过去分词 burned 和 burnt 用法区别如下：

1.前者是及物动词也是不及物动词，而后者则是及物动词（注：美国英语除作定语使用时要用burnt，其他场合均用 burned）

The fire has burnt/burned a hole in my overall.

火把我的工作服烧了一个窟窿

The fire has burned for five hours. （不用burnt）这场大火一连烧了五个小时

2.其次，用作喻意，多使用 burned，用作形容词时，则使用burnt

It is but a burnt offering.

这不过是一种不实惠的讨好

A burnt child dreads the fire.

一旦遭蛇咬，十年怕井绳

A strong desire burned within our hearts.

一种强烈的愿望在我们心头燃烧

三 意义不同

A. lie 的过去分词 lied，意为 说谎，例如：

The boy has lied to me.

那男孩对我说谎

另一过去分词 lain 意为 躺

He has lain on the ground for two hours.

他已在地上躺了两小时

B. hang 的过去分词 hanged 意为 绞死

He was hanged during the war.

战争期间他被绞死

另一过去分词 hung 意为 挂 吊

A famous painting is hung on the wall.一副名画悬挂在墙上

C. light 的过去分词有 lighted 和 lit 两种 它们在一般情况下都可换用，唯一的区别是lighted 可以作定语，而lit 不能 如：

Each held a lighted candle.

每人拿着一支点燃的蜡烛 （lighted 不能换用lit）

Our houses are lighted by electricity.我们的房间用电照明

The streets were brightly lit （lighted） up.街上灯光明亮

有一部分不规则动词有两种形式的过去分词，在用法上有一定的区别；还有的动词既是规则变化的，也是不规则变化的，有的在词义上有区别，有的没有区别，请参见下表：

动词有两种不同过去分词形式的不同用法

动词原形/过去式

过去分词1

（构成完成时态）

过去分词2

（用作形容词或它用）

例          句

get/ got，got/gotten（美式）

gotten用作定语时只能用gotten

gotten可以用作定语“得到的：

His gotten money in a month is too less to meet his need.

light/lit，lit/lighted作定语是只能用lighted.

The fire was caused by a lighted match.（作定语）

The fire is lit/lighted （放在be动词后作表语都可以）

rot/rotted，rotted/rotten作定语是只能用rotten

Food that has rotted is rotten.（rotted构成完成时）

We can’t eat rotten food. （作定语或表语）

shrink/shrunk，shrunk/shrunken都可以

shrunken可用作定语“皱缩的、缩小的”:

She has a shrunken face.

The old had shrunken cheeks.

drink/drank，drunk/drunken作定语

I met a drunken man on the way. （作定语）

He is drunk. And he is dead drunk under the influence of hard liquor.（可以用作表语或补足语）

strike/struck，struck，Stricken构成合成词

The herds were struck by an epidemic.（构成被动语态）

The farmer was struck by a snake. .（构成被动语态）

The premier visited the earthquake-stricken area.（作定语）

sink/sank；sunksunken只能用作定语

His cheeks have sunk in.（构成完成时态）

He was sunk in thought. （做表语）

The old man has sunken cheeks.（作定语）

bend/bent；bended很少用这个形式bent

They are bent on learning English well.（可以作表语和定语） （bended少用作定语,bended很少使用）

bless/blessed；blessed/blest

blessed用作表语或定语

blessed多用作定语“有福的”或“该死的”

The three old persons are blessed ones.

Will the blessed rain stop soon?

melt/melted；melt/molten只能用作定语

molten用作定语“融化的”：

The molten steel is flowing into the chute.

同一动词有不同的词义，规则变化和不规则变化之间有的词义区别很大

动词原形☞过去式☞过去分词☞ 例句

bear生、出生bore，born作表语

出生于、天生的，生来的

He was born in 1994.

He is a Chinese-born American scientist.

She was born in Canada.

bear生产，怀有；承担、负担;忍受bore，borne

She has borne three children.

She bears deep proletarian revolutionary spirit for the people.

The donkey bears a heavy burden every day.

We must bear the responsibility of teaching students English well and easily.

He is always the first to bear hardships.

I can’t bear for you to say such a thing before me.

The expense should be borne by our company.

lie躺,存在，位于lay，lain

He is lying on a bed.

Snow lies thick on the field.

A bright future lies ahead.

Korea lies to the east of china.

lie撒谎lied，lied

You are lying, I guess.

He lied about the accident to me.

He is a bad man. He always lies.

hang绞死hanged，hanged

Hang you! 该死！

The bad man was hanged last year.

hang挂,垂下hung，hung

He hung a picture on the wall.

The hall is hung with red flags.

Please hang the door on the hinge.

He hung his head and admitted his guilt.

bind捆绑、凝固

be bound to一定要;

be bound for去……某地

bound

be bound to do 一定…；注定…;将要…

They are bound to carry out the plan.

This is a bound volume of China Daily.

We are bound to succeed.

He is bound for Beijing.

Where are you bound for?

bound限制、毗邻;跳跃，

bounded

bounded位于…; 蹦跳

Jiangsu is bounded on the south by Zhejiang.

His heart bounded fast with joy.

The dog bounded towards the gate.
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