理解作者的意图和态度

[策略聚焦]

每篇文章都有特定的写作目的，而这些信息通常并不是被明确地表达出来的，而是隐含在文章之中。

作者的态度有主客观两种。在客观描写中，作者的态度往往通过陈述事实较明显地表现；主观态度则需要从字里行间推断。解这类题时要注意：

1. 对于新闻报道，作者往往持中立态度。而对于议论文，作者的态度要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的选项常常是错误的。同时，带有绝对化或感情过于强烈的表达也应排除。

2. 区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。

3. 有时需要根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度。

4. 注意辨认哪些是事实，哪些是观点，在此基础上将上下文联系起来分析，最后确认文章所陈述的内容到底哪些代表了作者的观点。

[技能实践]

A

We find that our students don’t read and look down upon reading and even scold those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. Therefore, I have reached a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight it? Let them watch all they want!

What do you think is the author’s attitude towards TV?

A. Curious.   B. Worried.  

C. Unfavorable.   D. Favorable.

[技能点拨] 

答案：C。作者在最后用了两个感叹句：“想看就看，任其自便吧！”“既然电视比书本更吸引孩子，我们何必苦苦反对呢？ 想看就叫他们看吧！”这里面一定包含了作者的态度，联系上下文，可以断定，作者对孩子们看电视的态度很明朗，但并非如字面意义那样真正认可，而是持否定态度，所以答案为C。

B

Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them make me lose my delight in dreams. To begin with, I like the idea of dreaming of going to bed and lying still and then, by some astonishing magic, wandering into another kind of existence. As a child, I could never understand why grown-ups took dreaming so calmly when they could make such a fuss (大惊小怪) about any holiday. This still puzzles me. I am puzzled by people who say they never dream and appear to have no interest in the subject. It is much more astonishing than it would be if they said they never went out for a walk. Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing (打喷嚏). I can never understand this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it, but to me it is important.

1. What is the author’s attitude toward dreaming?

A. He likes it.        

B. He thinks it puzzling.

C. He used to like it.     

D. He dislikes it.

2. The writer suggests that people who say they never go out for a walk are _____.

A. interesting    B. surprising   

C. foolish    D. lazy

[技能点拨]

答案：1-2 AB。第1题：虽然作者将梦描述成horrible，但从后面的转折连词but表明作者的态度是喜欢。他认为做梦是正常的事情，B项认为作者觉得梦令人迷惑显然应该排除；C项具有极大的迷惑性，但从文中的一句“This still puzzles me.”以及下文作者对人们为什么对做梦这一话题没有一点兴趣感到迷惑不难推断作者现在依旧喜欢做梦；D项明显错。第2题：要作出正确的判断必须先理解整个句子的意思：It is much more astonishing than it would be if they said they never went out for a walk后半句使用了虚拟语气，意思是对于那些从来不做梦同时也对此不感兴趣的人来说，要比那些说自己从来没有出去散过步的人还要astonishing，由此不难看出作者对后者的态度也还是很惊讶的，即那些人是“令人惊讶的（surprising）”。